549 lines
17 KiB
HTML
549 lines
17 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<title>openssl</title>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<link rev="made" href="mailto:" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<ul id="index">
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<li><a href="#NAME">NAME</a></li>
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<li><a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
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<li><a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
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<li><a href="#COMMAND-SUMMARY">COMMAND SUMMARY</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#Standard-Commands">Standard Commands</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Message-Digest-Commands">Message Digest Commands</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Encoding-and-Cipher-Commands">Encoding and Cipher Commands</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#Common-Options">Common Options</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Pass-Phrase-Options">Pass Phrase Options</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
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<li><a href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></li>
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<li><a href="#COPYRIGHT">COPYRIGHT</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1>
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<p>openssl - OpenSSL command line tool</p>
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<h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1>
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<p><b>openssl</b> <i>command</i> [ <i>command_opts</i> ] [ <i>command_args</i> ]</p>
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<p><b>openssl</b> <b>list</b> [ <b>standard-commands</b> | <b>digest-commands</b> | <b>cipher-commands</b> | <b>cipher-algorithms</b> | <b>digest-algorithms</b> | <b>public-key-algorithms</b>]</p>
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<p><b>openssl</b> <b>no-</b><i>XXX</i> [ <i>arbitrary options</i> ]</p>
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<h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1>
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<p>OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related cryptography standards required by them.</p>
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<p>The <b>openssl</b> program is a command line tool for using the various cryptography functions of OpenSSL's <b>crypto</b> library from the shell. It can be used for</p>
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<pre><code> o Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
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o Public key cryptographic operations
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o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
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o Calculation of Message Digests
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o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
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o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
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o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
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o Time Stamp requests, generation and verification</code></pre>
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<h1 id="COMMAND-SUMMARY">COMMAND SUMMARY</h1>
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<p>The <b>openssl</b> program provides a rich variety of commands (<i>command</i> in the SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments (<i>command_opts</i> and <i>command_args</i> in the SYNOPSIS).</p>
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<p>Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of their arguments and have a <b>-config</b> option to specify that file. The environment variable <b>OPENSSL_CONF</b> can be used to specify the location of the file. If the environment variable is not specified, then the file is named <b>openssl.cnf</b> in the default certificate storage area, whose value depends on the configuration flags specified when the OpenSSL was built.</p>
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<p>The list parameters <b>standard-commands</b>, <b>digest-commands</b>, and <b>cipher-commands</b> output a list (one entry per line) of the names of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands, respectively, that are available in the present <b>openssl</b> utility.</p>
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<p>The list parameters <b>cipher-algorithms</b> and <b>digest-algorithms</b> list all cipher and message digest names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as:</p>
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<pre><code> from => to</code></pre>
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<p>The list parameter <b>public-key-algorithms</b> lists all supported public key algorithms.</p>
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<p>The command <b>no-</b><i>XXX</i> tests whether a command of the specified name is available. If no command named <i>XXX</i> exists, it returns 0 (success) and prints <b>no-</b><i>XXX</i>; otherwise it returns 1 and prints <i>XXX</i>. In both cases, the output goes to <b>stdout</b> and nothing is printed to <b>stderr</b>. Additional command line arguments are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the availability of ciphers in the <b>openssl</b> program. (<b>no-</b><i>XXX</i> is not able to detect pseudo-commands such as <b>quit</b>, <b>list</b>, or <b>no-</b><i>XXX</i> itself.)</p>
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<h2 id="Standard-Commands">Standard Commands</h2>
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<dl>
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<dt id="asn1parse"><a href="../man1/asn1parse.html><b>asn1parse</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Parse an ASN.1 sequence.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="ca"><a href="../man1/ca.html><b>ca</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Certificate Authority (CA) Management.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="ciphers"><a href="../man1/ciphers.html><b>ciphers</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Cipher Suite Description Determination.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="cms"><a href="../man1/cms.html><b>cms</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="crl"><a href="../man1/crl.html><b>crl</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="crl2pkcs7"><a href="../man1/crl2pkcs7.html><b>crl2pkcs7</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="dgst"><a href="../man1/dgst.html><b>dgst</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Message Digest Calculation.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="dh"><b>dh</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management. Obsoleted by <a href="../man1/dhparam.html><b>dhparam</b></a>.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="dhparam"><a href="../man1/dhparam.html><b>dhparam</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by <a href="../man1/genpkey.html><b>genpkey</b></a> and <a href="../man1/pkeyparam.html><b>pkeyparam</b></a>.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="dsa"><a href="../man1/dsa.html><b>dsa</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>DSA Data Management.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="dsaparam"><a href="../man1/dsaparam.html><b>dsaparam</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by <a href="../man1/genpkey.html><b>genpkey</b></a> and <a href="../man1/pkeyparam.html><b>pkeyparam</b></a>.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="ec"><a href="../man1/ec.html><b>ec</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="ecparam"><a href="../man1/ecparam.html><b>ecparam</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>EC parameter manipulation and generation.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="enc"><a href="../man1/enc.html><b>enc</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Encoding with Ciphers.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="engine"><a href="../man1/engine.html><b>engine</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="errstr"><a href="../man1/errstr.html><b>errstr</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Error Number to Error String Conversion.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="gendh"><b>gendh</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Obsoleted by <a href="../man1/dhparam.html><b>dhparam</b></a>.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="gendsa"><a href="../man1/gendsa.html><b>gendsa</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by <a href="../man1/genpkey.html><b>genpkey</b></a> and <a href="../man1/pkey.html><b>pkey</b></a>.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="genpkey"><a href="../man1/genpkey.html><b>genpkey</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Generation of Private Key or Parameters.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="genrsa"><a href="../man1/genrsa.html><b>genrsa</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by <a href="../man1/genpkey.html><b>genpkey</b></a>.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="nseq"><a href="../man1/nseq.html><b>nseq</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="ocsp"><a href="../man1/ocsp.html><b>ocsp</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="passwd"><a href="../man1/passwd.html><b>passwd</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Generation of hashed passwords.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="pkcs12"><a href="../man1/pkcs12.html><b>pkcs12</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>PKCS#12 Data Management.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="pkcs7"><a href="../man1/pkcs7.html><b>pkcs7</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>PKCS#7 Data Management.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="pkey"><a href="../man1/pkey.html><b>pkey</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Public and private key management.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="pkeyparam"><a href="../man1/pkeyparam.html><b>pkeyparam</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Public key algorithm parameter management.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="pkeyutl"><a href="../man1/pkeyutl.html><b>pkeyutl</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="rand"><a href="../man1/rand.html><b>rand</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Generate pseudo-random bytes.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="req"><a href="../man1/req.html><b>req</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="rsa"><a href="../man1/rsa.html><b>rsa</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>RSA key management.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="rsautl"><a href="../man1/rsautl.html><b>rsautl</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded by <a href="../man1/pkeyutl.html><b>pkeyutl</b></a>.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="s_client"><a href="../man1/s_client.html><b>s_client</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL <b>ssl</b> library.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="s_server"><a href="../man1/s_server.html><b>s_server</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL <b>ssl</b> library. It provides both an own command line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="s_time"><a href="../man1/s_time.html><b>s_time</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>SSL Connection Timer.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="sess_id"><a href="../man1/sess_id.html><b>sess_id</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>SSL Session Data Management.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="smime"><a href="../man1/smime.html><b>smime</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>S/MIME mail processing.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="speed"><a href="../man1/speed.html><b>speed</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Algorithm Speed Measurement.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="spkac"><a href="../man1/spkac.html><b>spkac</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>SPKAC printing and generating utility.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="ts"><a href="../man1/ts.html><b>ts</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server).</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="verify"><a href="../man1/verify.html><b>verify</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>X.509 Certificate Verification.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="version"><a href="../man1/version.html><b>version</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>OpenSSL Version Information.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="x509"><a href="../man1/x509.html><b>x509</b></a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>X.509 Certificate Data Management.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<h2 id="Message-Digest-Commands">Message Digest Commands</h2>
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<dl>
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<dt id="md2"><b>md2</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>MD2 Digest</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="md5"><b>md5</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>MD5 Digest</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="mdc2"><b>mdc2</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>MDC2 Digest</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="rmd160"><b>rmd160</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>RMD-160 Digest</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="sha"><b>sha</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>SHA Digest</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="sha1"><b>sha1</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>SHA-1 Digest</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="sha224"><b>sha224</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>SHA-224 Digest</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="sha256"><b>sha256</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>SHA-256 Digest</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="sha384"><b>sha384</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>SHA-384 Digest</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="sha512"><b>sha512</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>SHA-512 Digest</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<h2 id="Encoding-and-Cipher-Commands">Encoding and Cipher Commands</h2>
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<dl>
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<dt id="base64"><b>base64</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Base64 Encoding</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="bf-bf-cbc-bf-cfb-bf-ecb-bf-ofb"><b>bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Blowfish Cipher</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="cast-cast-cbc"><b>cast cast-cbc</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>CAST Cipher</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="cast5-cbc-cast5-cfb-cast5-ecb-cast5-ofb"><b>cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>CAST5 Cipher</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="des-des-cbc-des-cfb-des-ecb-des-ede-des-ede-cbc-des-ede-cfb-des-ede-ofb-des-ofb"><b>des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>DES Cipher</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="des3-desx-des-ede3-des-ede3-cbc-des-ede3-cfb-des-ede3-ofb"><b>des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Triple-DES Cipher</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="idea-idea-cbc-idea-cfb-idea-ecb-idea-ofb"><b>idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>IDEA Cipher</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="rc2-rc2-cbc-rc2-cfb-rc2-ecb-rc2-ofb"><b>rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>RC2 Cipher</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="rc4"><b>rc4</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>RC4 Cipher</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="rc5-rc5-cbc-rc5-cfb-rc5-ecb-rc5-ofb"><b>rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>RC5 Cipher</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<h1 id="OPTIONS">OPTIONS</h1>
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<p>Details of which options are available depend on the specific command. This section describes some common options with common behavior.</p>
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<h2 id="Common-Options">Common Options</h2>
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<dl>
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<dt id="help"><b>-help</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Provides a terse summary of all options.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<h2 id="Pass-Phrase-Options">Pass Phrase Options</h2>
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<p>Several commands accept password arguments, typically using <b>-passin</b> and <b>-passout</b> for input and output passwords respectively. These allow the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no password argument is given and a password is required then the user is prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current terminal with echoing turned off.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt id="pass:password"><b>pass:password</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The actual password is <b>password</b>. Since the password is visible to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used where security is not important.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="env:var"><b>env:var</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Obtain the password from the environment variable <b>var</b>. Since the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms (e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="file:pathname"><b>file:pathname</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>The first line of <b>pathname</b> is the password. If the same <b>pathname</b> argument is supplied to <b>-passin</b> and <b>-passout</b> arguments then the first line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output password. <b>pathname</b> need not refer to a regular file: it could for example refer to a device or named pipe.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="fd:number"><b>fd:number</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Read the password from the file descriptor <b>number</b>. This can be used to send the data via a pipe for example.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt id="stdin"><b>stdin</b></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Read the password from standard input.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<h1 id="SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</h1>
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<p><a href="../man1/asn1parse.html>asn1parse(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/ca.html>ca(1)</a>, <a href="../man5/config.html>config(5)</a>, <a href="../man1/crl.html>crl(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/crl2pkcs7.html>crl2pkcs7(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/dgst.html>dgst(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/dhparam.html>dhparam(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/dsa.html>dsa(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/dsaparam.html>dsaparam(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/enc.html>enc(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/engine.html>engine(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/gendsa.html>gendsa(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/genpkey.html>genpkey(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/genrsa.html>genrsa(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/nseq.html>nseq(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/openssl.html>openssl(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/passwd.html>passwd(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/pkcs12.html>pkcs12(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/pkcs7.html>pkcs7(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/pkcs8.html>pkcs8(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/rand.html>rand(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/req.html>req(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/rsa.html>rsa(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/rsautl.html>rsautl(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/s_client.html>s_client(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/s_server.html>s_server(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/s_time.html>s_time(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/smime.html>smime(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/spkac.html>spkac(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/verify.html>verify(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/version.html>version(1)</a>, <a href="../man1/x509.html>x509(1)</a>, <a href="../man7/crypto.html>crypto(7)</a>, <a href="../man7/ssl.html>ssl(7)</a>, <a href="../man5/x509v3_config.html>x509v3_config(5)</a></p>
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<h1 id="HISTORY">HISTORY</h1>
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<p>The <b>list-</b><i>XXX</i><b>-algorithms</b> pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0; For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual manual pages.</p>
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<h1 id="COPYRIGHT">COPYRIGHT</h1>
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<p>Copyright 2000-2017 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.</p>
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<p>Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at <a href="https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html">https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html</a>.</p>
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