103 changed files with 6647 additions and 4569 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+name: navicat-keygen builds
+on: workflow_dispatch
+
+jobs:
+  navicat-keygen-x86:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          pushd .
+          cd ${env:VCPKG_INSTALLATION_ROOT}
+          git pull
+          vcpkg install openssl:x86-windows-static
+          vcpkg install unicorn:x86-windows-static
+          vcpkg install fmt:x86-windows-static
+          vcpkg install rapidjson:x86-windows-static
+          vcpkg install keystone:x86-windows-static
+          popd
+
+      - name: Clone source
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Add msbuild to PATH
+        uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v1.1
+
+      - name: Build project
+        run: |
+          vcpkg integrate install
+          msbuild navicat-keygen.sln /p:Configuration=Release /p:Platform=x86
+      
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        with:
+          name: navicat-keygen-x86.zip
+          path: bin/x86-Release/*.exe
+
+  navicat-keygen-x64:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          pushd .
+          cd ${env:VCPKG_INSTALLATION_ROOT}
+          git pull
+          vcpkg install openssl:x64-windows-static
+          vcpkg install unicorn:x64-windows-static
+          vcpkg install fmt:x64-windows-static
+          vcpkg install rapidjson:x64-windows-static
+          vcpkg install keystone:x64-windows-static
+          popd
+
+      - name: Clone source
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Add msbuild to PATH
+        uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v1.1
+
+      - name: Build project
+        run: |
+          vcpkg integrate install
+          msbuild navicat-keygen.sln /p:Configuration=Release /p:Platform=x64
+      
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        with:
+          name: navicat-keygen-x64.zip
+          path: bin/x64-Release/*.exe
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -1,8 +1,4 @@
-*/.DS_Store
-.vscode/*
-bin/*
-navicat-patcher/Elf64Crafter.hpp
-navicat-patcher/Elf64Crafter.cpp
-navicat-patcher/Elf64InterpreterAmd64.hpp
-navicat-patcher/Elf64InterpreterAmd64.cpp
-RegPrivateKey.pem
+.vs/
+.vscode/
+bin/
+obj/
--- a/100
+++ b/100
@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-CC = g++
-UNAME = $(shell uname)
-
-ifeq ($(UNAME),Darwin)
-	OPENSSL_INCLUDE_PATH = /usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include
-	OPENSSL_LIB_PATH = /usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib
-else
-	OPENSSL_INCLUDE_PATH = 
-	OPENSSL_LIB_PATH = 
-endif
-CAPSTONE_INCLUDE_PATH = 
-CAPSTONE_LIB_PATH = 
-KEYSTONE_INCLUDE_PATH = 
-KEYSTONE_LIB_PATH = 
-RAPIDJSON_INCLUDE_PATH = 
-
-OUTPUT_DIR = ./bin/
-COMMON_DIR = ./common/
-PATCHER_DIR = ./navicat-patcher/
-KEYGEN_DIR = ./navicat-keygen/
-
-COMMON_HEADER = \
-$(COMMON_DIR)Exception.hpp \
-$(COMMON_DIR)ExceptionGeneric.hpp \
-$(COMMON_DIR)ExceptionOpenssl.hpp \
-$(COMMON_DIR)ExceptionSystem.hpp \
-$(COMMON_DIR)ResourceTraitsOpenssl.hpp \
-$(COMMON_DIR)ResourceWrapper.hpp \
-$(COMMON_DIR)RSACipher.hpp
-
-PATCHER_HEADER = \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)CapstoneDisassembler.hpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)KeystoneAssembler.hpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)Elf64Interpreter.hpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)ExceptionCapstone.hpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)ExceptionKeystone.hpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)MemoryAccess.hpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)Misc.hpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)PatchSolutions.hpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)ResourceTraitsCapstone.hpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)ResourceTraitsKeystone.hpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)ResourceTraitsUnix.hpp
-
-PATCHER_SOURCE = \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)CapstoneDisassembler.cpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)KeystoneAssembler.cpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)Elf64Interpreter.cpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)Misc.cpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)PatchSolution.cpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)PatchSolution0.cpp \
-$(PATCHER_DIR)main.cpp
-
-PATCHER_BINARY = $(OUTPUT_DIR)navicat-patcher
-
-KEYGEN_HEADER = \
-$(KEYGEN_DIR)Base32.hpp \
-$(KEYGEN_DIR)Base64.hpp \
-$(KEYGEN_DIR)SerialNumberGenerator.hpp
-
-KEYGEN_SOURCE = \
-$(KEYGEN_DIR)CollectInformation.cpp \
-$(KEYGEN_DIR)GenerateLicense.cpp \
-$(KEYGEN_DIR)main.cpp \
-$(KEYGEN_DIR)SerialNumberGenerator.cpp
-
-KEYGEN_BINARY = $(OUTPUT_DIR)navicat-keygen
-
-patcher: $(PATCHER_HEADER) $(PATCHER_SOURCE)
-	@if [ ! -d $(OUTPUT_DIR) ]; then mkdir -p $(OUTPUT_DIR); fi
-	$(CC) -std=c++17 -O2 \
-I$(COMMON_DIR) \
-$(if $(OPENSSL_INCLUDE_PATH),-I$(OPENSSL_INCLUDE_PATH),) $(if $(OPENSSL_LIB_PATH),-L$(OPENSSL_LIB_PATH),) \
-$(if $(CAPSTONE_INCLUDE_PATH),-I$(CAPSTONE_INCLUDE_PATH),) $(if $(CAPSTONE_LIB_PATH),-L$(CAPSTONE_LIB_PATH),) \
-$(if $(KEYSTONE_INCLUDE_PATH),-I$(KEYSTONE_INCLUDE_PATH),) $(if $(KEYSTONE_LIB_PATH),-L$(KEYSTONE_LIB_PATH),) \
-$(PATCHER_SOURCE) -o $(PATCHER_BINARY) -lcrypto -lcapstone -lkeystone \
-lstdc++fs
-	@echo
-
-keygen: $(KEYGEM_HEADER) $(KEYGEN_SOURCE)
-	@if [ ! -d $(OUTPUT_DIR) ]; then mkdir -p $(OUTPUT_DIR); fi
-	$(CC) -std=c++17 -O2 \
-I$(COMMON_DIR) \
-$(if $(OPENSSL_INCLUDE_PATH),-I$(OPENSSL_INCLUDE_PATH),) $(if $(OPENSSL_LIB_PATH),-L$(OPENSSL_LIB_PATH),) \
-$(if $(RAPIDJSON_INCLUDE_PATH),-I$(RAPIDJSON_INCLUDE_PATH),) \
-$(KEYGEN_SOURCE) -o $(KEYGEN_BINARY) -lcrypto
-
-all: patcher keygen
-	@echo 'Done.'
-
-.PHONY: all
-
-clean:
-ifeq ($(wildcard $(PATCHER_BINARY)), $(PATCHER_BINARY))
-	rm $(PATCHER_BINARY)
-endif
-
-ifeq ($(wildcard $(KEYGEN_BINARY)), $(KEYGEN_BINARY))
-	rm $(KEYGEN_BINARY)
-endif
-
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,276 +1,35 @@
-# Navicat Keygen
+# navicat-keygen

 [中文版README](README.zh-CN.md)

+This repository will tell you how Navicat offline activation works.
+
+Previous previous code is archived in [`windows-archived`](https://notabug.org/doublesine/navicat-keygen/src/windows-archived) branch for the reason that previous previous code contains 3rd binary libraries and it gets quite big :-(
+
+Previous code is archived in [`windows-archived2`](https://notabug.org/doublesine/navicat-keygen/src/windows-archived2) branch for the reason that Navicat has come to version 16.x.x which I think should be a milestone and I decide to obsolete previous code and rewrite new one.
+
+When you git-clone this repo, please add `--single-branch` flag so that archived branches won't be cloned to your computer, which saves your time and disk.
+
+```console
+$ git clone -b windows --single-branch https://notabug.org/doublesine/navicat-keygen.git
+```
+
 ## 1. How does it work?

-see [here](doc/how-does-it-work.md).
+see [here](doc/how-does-it-work.md). (WATING TO BE UPDATED)

-## 2. How to build
+## 2. How to build?

 see [here](doc/how-to-build.md).

-## 3. How to Use
+## 3. How to use?

-1. Download navicat from official website.
+see [here](doc/how-to-use.md).

-   And you will get a AppImage file. For example, `navicat15-premium-en.AppImage`.
+## 4. Contributor

-   I assume that the AppImage file is in `~/Desktop` folder.
+* Deltafox79

-2. Extract all files in the AppImage to a directory. For example:
-
-   ```console
-   $ mkdir ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en
-   $ sudo mount -o loop ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en.AppImage ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en
-   $ cp -r ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched
-   $ sudo umount ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en
-   $ rm -rf ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en
-   ```
-
-3. [Build keygen and patcher.](doc/how-to-build.md)
-
-4. Use `navicat-patcher` to replace the official public key.
-   
-   ```
-   Usage:
-       navicat-patcher [--dry-run] <Navicat Installation Path> [RSA-2048 Private Key File]
-
-           [--dry-run]                   Run patcher without applying any patches.
-                                         This parameter is optional.
-
-           <Navicat Installation Path>   Path to a directory where Navicat locates
-                                         This parameter must be specified.
-
-           [RSA-2048 Private Key File]   Path to a PEM-format RSA-2048 private key file.
-                                         This parameter is optional.
-   ```
-
-   __Example:__ 
-
-   ```console
-   $ ./bin/navicat-patcher ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched
-   ```
-
-   It has been tested on __Navicat Premium 15.0.3 English For Linux__ version. 
-   
-   The following is an example of output:
-
-   ```console
-   **********************************************************
-   *       Navicat Patcher (Linux) by @DoubleLabyrinth      *
-   *                  Version: 1.0                          *
-   **********************************************************
-
-   Press ENTER to continue or Ctrl + C to abort.
-
-   [+] Try to open libcc.so ... Ok!
-
-   [+] PatchSolution0 ...... Ready to apply
-      RefSegment      =  1
-      MachineCodeRva  =  0x0000000001413e10
-      PatchMarkOffset = +0x00000000029ecf40
-
-   [*] Generating new RSA private key, it may take a long time...
-   [*] Your RSA private key:
-      -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-      MIIEowIBAAKCAQEArRsg1+6JZxZNMhGyuM8d+Ue/ky9LSv/XyKh+wppQMS5wx7QE
-      XFcdDgaByNZeLMenh8sgungahWbPo/5jmkDuuHHrVMU748q2JLL1E3nFraPZqoRD
-      ...
-      ...
-      B1Z5AoGBAK8cWMvNYf1pfQ9w6nD4gc3NgRVYLctxFLmkGylqrzs8faoLLBkFq3iI
-      s2vdYwF//wuN2aq8JHldGriyb6xkDjdqiEk+0c98LmyKNmEVt8XghjrZuUrn8dA0
-      0hfInLdRpaB7b+UeIQavw9yLH0ilijAcMkGzzom7vdqDPizoLpXQ
-      -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-   [*] Your RSA public key:
-      -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
-      MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEArRsg1+6JZxZNMhGyuM8d
-      +Ue/ky9LSv/XyKh+wppQMS5wx7QEXFcdDgaByNZeLMenh8sgungahWbPo/5jmkDu
-      ...
-      ...
-      GrVJ3o8aDm35EzGymp4ON+A0fdAkweqKV6FqxEJqLWIDRYh+Z01JXUZIrKmnCkgf
-      QQIDAQAB
-      -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
-
-   *******************************************************
-   *                   PatchSolution0                    *
-   *******************************************************
-   [*] Previous:
-   +0x0000000000000070                          01 00 00 00 05 00 00 00          ........
-   +0x0000000000000080  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-   +0x0000000000000090  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 40 cf 9e 02 00 00 00 00  ........@.......
-   +0x00000000000000a0  40 cf 9e 02 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  @...............
-   [*] After:
-   +0x0000000000000070                          01 00 00 00 05 00 00 00          ........
-   +0x0000000000000080  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-   +0x0000000000000090  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 d0 d0 9e 02 00 00 00 00  ................
-   +0x00000000000000a0  d0 d0 9e 02 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-
-   [*] Previous:
-   +0x00000000029ecf40  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-   +0x00000000029ecf50  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-   +0x00000000029ecf60  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-   ...
-   ...
-   +0x00000000029ed0c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-   [*] After:
-   +0x00000000029ecf40  ef be ad de 4d 49 49 42 49 6a 41 4e 42 67 6b 71  ....MIIBIjANBgkq
-   +0x00000000029ecf50  68 6b 69 47 39 77 30 42 41 51 45 46 41 41 4f 43  hkiG9w0BAQEFAAOC
-   +0x00000000029ecf60  41 51 38 41 4d 49 49 42 43 67 4b 43 41 51 45 41  AQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA
-   ...
-   ...
-   ...
-   +0x00000000029ed0c0  43 6b 67 66 51 51 49 44 41 51 41 42 ad de ef be  CkgfQQIDAQAB....
-
-   [*] Previous:
-   +0x0000000001413e10  44 0f b6 24 18 48 8b 44 24 28 8b 50 f8 85 d2 79  D..$.H.D$(.P...y
-   +0x0000000001413e20  6f                                               o               
-   [*] After:
-   +0x0000000001413e10  45 31 e4 48 8d 05 2a 91 5d 01 90 90 90 90 90 90  E1.H..*.].......
-   +0x0000000001413e20  90                                               .               
-
-   [*] New RSA-2048 private key has been saved to
-      /home/doublesine/github.com/navicat-keygen/RegPrivateKey.pem
-
-   *******************************************************
-   *           PATCH HAS BEEN DONE SUCCESSFULLY!         *
-   *                  HAVE FUN AND ENJOY~                *
-   *******************************************************
-   ```
-
-5. Repack files into a new AppImage:
-
-   __Example:__
-
-   ```console
-   $ wget 'https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageKit/releases/download/continuous/appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage'
-   $ chmod +x appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage
-   $ ./appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched.AppImage
-   ```
-
-6. Run the newly-generated AppImage:
-
-   ```console
-   $ chmod +x ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched.AppImage
-   $ ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched.AppImage
-   ```
-
-7. Use `navicat-keygen` to generate __snKey__ and __Activation Code__.
-
-   ```
-   Usage:
-       navicat-keygen <--bin|--text> [--adv] <RSA-2048 Private Key File>
-
-           <--bin|--text>    Specify "-bin" to generate "license_file" used by Navicat 11.
-                             Specify "-text" to generate base64-encoded activation code.
-                             This parameter must be specified.
-
-           [--adv]                       Enable advance mode.
-                                         This parameter is optional.
-
-           <RSA-2048 Private Key File>   A path to an RSA-2048 private key file.
-                                         This parameter must be specified.
-   ```
-
-   __Example:__
-
-   ```console
-   $ ./bin/navicat-keygen --text ./RegPrivateKey.pem
-   ```
-
-   You will be asked to select Navicat language and give major version number. After that an randomly generated __snKey__ will be given.
-
-   ```console
-   $ ./bin/navicat-keygen --text ./RegPrivateKey.pem
-   **********************************************************
-   *       Navicat Keygen (Linux) by @DoubleLabyrinth       *
-   *                   Version: 1.0                         *
-   **********************************************************
-
-   [*] Select Navicat product:
-   0. DataModeler
-   1. Premium
-   2. MySQL
-   3. PostgreSQL
-   4. Oracle
-   5. SQLServer
-   6. SQLite
-   7. MariaDB
-   8. MongoDB
-   9. ReportViewer
-
-   (Input index)> 1
-
-   [*] Select product language:
-   0. English
-   1. Simplified Chinese
-   2. Traditional Chinese
-   3. Japanese
-   4. Polish
-   5. Spanish
-   6. French
-   7. German
-   8. Korean
-   9. Russian
-   10. Portuguese
-
-   (Input index)> 0
-
-   [*] Input major version number:
-   (range: 0 ~ 15, default: 12)> 15
-
-   [*] Serial number:
-   NAVM-RTVJ-EO42-IODD
-
-   [*] Your name:
-   ```
-
-   You can use this __snKey__ to activate your Navicat preliminarily.
-     
-   Then you will be asked to input `Your name` and `Your organization`. Just set them whatever you want, but not too long.
-
-   ```console
-   [*] Your name: DoubleLabyrinth
-   [*] Your organization: DoubleLabyrinth
-
-   [*] Input request code in Base64: (Double press ENTER to end)
-   ```
-     
-   After that, you will be asked to input request code. Now __DO NOT CLOSE KEYGEN__.
-
-8. __Disconnect your network__. Find and click `Registration`. 
-   
-   Fill license key by __Serial number__ that the keygen gave and click `Activate`.
-
-9. Generally online activation will fail and Navicat will ask you do `Manual Activation`, just choose it.
-
-10. Copy your request code and paste it in the keygen. Input empty line to tell the keygen that your input ends.
-
-    ```console
-    [*] Input request code in Base64: (Double press ENTER to end)
-    OaGPC3MNjJ/pINbajFzLRkrV2OaSXYLr2tNLDW0fIthPOJQFXr84OOroCY1XN8R2xl2j7epZ182PL6q+BRaSC6hnHev/cZwhq/4LFNcLu0T0D/QUhEEBJl4QzFr8TlFSYI1qhWGLIxkGZggA8vMLMb/sLHYn9QebBigvleP9dNCS4sO82bilFrKFUtq3ch8r7V3mbcbXJCfLhXgrHRvT2FV/s1BFuZzuWZUujxlp37U6Y2PFD8fQgsgBUwrxYbF0XxnXKbCmvtgh2yaB3w9YnQLoDiipKp7io1IxEFMYHCpjmfTGk4WU01mSbdi2OS/wm9pq2Y62xvwawsq1WQJoMg==
-
-    [*] Request Info:
-    {"K":"NAVMRTVJEO42IODD", "DI":"4A12F84C6A088104D23E", "P":"linux"}
-
-    [*] Response Info:
-    {"K":"NAVMRTVJEO42IODD","DI":"4A12F84C6A088104D23E","N":"DoubleLabyrinth","O":"DoubleLabyrinth","T":1575543648}
-
-    [*] Activation Code:
-    i45HIr7T1g69Cm9g3bN1DBpM/Zio8idBw3LOFGXFQjXj0nPfy9yRGuxaUBQkWXSOWa5EAv7S9Z1sljlkZP6cKdfDGYsBb/4N1W5Oj1qogzNtRo5LGwKe9Re3zPY3SO8RXACfpNaKjdjpoOQa9GjQ/igDVH8r1k+Oc7nEnRPZBm0w9aJIM9kS42lbjynVuOJMZIotZbk1NloCodNyRQw3vEEP7kq6bRZsQFp2qF/mr+hIPH8lo/WF3hh+2NivdrzmrKKhPnoqSgSsEttL9a6ueGOP7Io3j2lAFqb9hEj1uC3tPRpYcBpTZX7GAloAENSasFwMdBIdszifDrRW42wzXw==
-    ```
-
-11. Finally, you will get __Activation Code__ which looks like a Base64 string. 
-
-    Just copy it and paste it in Navicat `Manual Activation` window, then click `Activate`. 
-    
-    If nothing wrong, activation should be done successfully.
-
-12. Clean up:
-
-    ```console
-    $ rm ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en.AppImage
-    $ rm -rf ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched
-    $ mv ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched.AppImage ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en.AppImage
-    ```
+* dragonflylee

+* zenuo
--- a/README.zh-CN.md
+++ b/README.zh-CN.md
@ -1,272 +1,34 @@
-# Navicat Keygen
+# navicat-keygen for windows

-## 1. 它是怎么工作的？
+这份repo将会告诉你Navicat是怎么完成离线激活的。

-见[这里](doc/how-does-it-work.zh-CN.md).
+第一次归档的代码位于 [`windows-archived`](https://notabug.org/doublesine/navicat-keygen/src/windows-archived) 分支。归档原因：包含第三方二进制库，项目过大。
+
+第二次归档的代码位于 [`windows-archived2`](https://notabug.org/doublesine/navicat-keygen/src/windows-archived2) 分支。归档原因：Navicat进入16.x.x版本，本项目打算进行重构。
+
+当你clone该仓库的时候，请使用 `--single-branch` 选项，以此避免clone到已被归档的分支、以及节省你的时间和磁盘空间。
+
+```console
+$ git clone -b windows --single-branch https://notabug.org/doublesine/navicat-keygen.git
+```
+
+## 1. 注册机是怎么工作的？
+
+见[这里](doc/how-does-it-work.zh-CN.md)。

 ## 2. 如何编译？

-见[这里](doc/how-to-build.zh-CN.md).
+见[这里](doc/how-to-build.zh-CN.md)。

-## 3. 如何使用？
+## 3. 如何使用这个注册机？

-1. 从官方网站下载navicat。
+见[这里](doc/how-to-use.zh-CN.md)。

-   你会得到一个AppImage文件。例如 `navicat15-premium-en.AppImage`。
+## 4. 贡献者

-   我假定这个AppImage文件在 `~/Desktop` 文件夹下。
+* Deltafox79

-2. 提取AppImage文件里的所有文件到一个文件夹。例如：
+* dragonflylee

-   ```console
-   $ mkdir ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en
-   $ sudo mount -o loop ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en.AppImage ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en
-   $ cp -r ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched
-   $ sudo umount ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en
-   $ rm -rf ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en
-   ```
-
-3. [编译patcher和keygen。](doc/how-to-build.zh-CN.md)
-
-4. 使用 `navicat-patcher` 替换官方公钥。
-   
-   ```
-   Usage:
-       navicat-patcher [--dry-run] <Navicat Installation Path> [RSA-2048 Private Key File]
-
-           [--dry-run]                   Run patcher without applying any patches.
-                                         This parameter is optional.
-
-           <Navicat Installation Path>   Path to a directory where Navicat locates
-                                         This parameter must be specified.
-
-           [RSA-2048 Private Key File]   Path to a PEM-format RSA-2048 private key file.
-                                         This parameter is optional.
-   ```
-
-   __例如：__ 
-
-   ```console
-   $ ./bin/navicat-patcher ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched
-   ```
-
-   __Navicat Premium 15.0.3 Linux 英文版__ 已经通过测试。
-   
-   下面是一份样例输出：
-
-   ```console
-   **********************************************************
-   *       Navicat Patcher (Linux) by @DoubleLabyrinth      *
-   *                  Version: 1.0                          *
-   **********************************************************
-
-   Press ENTER to continue or Ctrl + C to abort.
-
-   [+] Try to open libcc.so ... Ok!
-
-   [+] PatchSolution0 ...... Ready to apply
-      RefSegment      =  1
-      MachineCodeRva  =  0x0000000001413e10
-      PatchMarkOffset = +0x00000000029ecf40
-
-   [*] Generating new RSA private key, it may take a long time...
-   [*] Your RSA private key:
-      -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-      MIIEowIBAAKCAQEArRsg1+6JZxZNMhGyuM8d+Ue/ky9LSv/XyKh+wppQMS5wx7QE
-      XFcdDgaByNZeLMenh8sgungahWbPo/5jmkDuuHHrVMU748q2JLL1E3nFraPZqoRD
-      ...
-      ...
-      B1Z5AoGBAK8cWMvNYf1pfQ9w6nD4gc3NgRVYLctxFLmkGylqrzs8faoLLBkFq3iI
-      s2vdYwF//wuN2aq8JHldGriyb6xkDjdqiEk+0c98LmyKNmEVt8XghjrZuUrn8dA0
-      0hfInLdRpaB7b+UeIQavw9yLH0ilijAcMkGzzom7vdqDPizoLpXQ
-      -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-   [*] Your RSA public key:
-      -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
-      MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEArRsg1+6JZxZNMhGyuM8d
-      +Ue/ky9LSv/XyKh+wppQMS5wx7QEXFcdDgaByNZeLMenh8sgungahWbPo/5jmkDu
-      ...
-      ...
-      GrVJ3o8aDm35EzGymp4ON+A0fdAkweqKV6FqxEJqLWIDRYh+Z01JXUZIrKmnCkgf
-      QQIDAQAB
-      -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
-
-   *******************************************************
-   *                   PatchSolution0                    *
-   *******************************************************
-   [*] Previous:
-   +0x0000000000000070                          01 00 00 00 05 00 00 00          ........
-   +0x0000000000000080  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-   +0x0000000000000090  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 40 cf 9e 02 00 00 00 00  ........@.......
-   +0x00000000000000a0  40 cf 9e 02 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  @...............
-   [*] After:
-   +0x0000000000000070                          01 00 00 00 05 00 00 00          ........
-   +0x0000000000000080  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-   +0x0000000000000090  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 d0 d0 9e 02 00 00 00 00  ................
-   +0x00000000000000a0  d0 d0 9e 02 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-
-   [*] Previous:
-   +0x00000000029ecf40  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-   +0x00000000029ecf50  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-   +0x00000000029ecf60  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-   ...
-   ...
-   +0x00000000029ed0c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ................
-   [*] After:
-   +0x00000000029ecf40  ef be ad de 4d 49 49 42 49 6a 41 4e 42 67 6b 71  ....MIIBIjANBgkq
-   +0x00000000029ecf50  68 6b 69 47 39 77 30 42 41 51 45 46 41 41 4f 43  hkiG9w0BAQEFAAOC
-   +0x00000000029ecf60  41 51 38 41 4d 49 49 42 43 67 4b 43 41 51 45 41  AQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA
-   ...
-   ...
-   ...
-   +0x00000000029ed0c0  43 6b 67 66 51 51 49 44 41 51 41 42 ad de ef be  CkgfQQIDAQAB....
-
-   [*] Previous:
-   +0x0000000001413e10  44 0f b6 24 18 48 8b 44 24 28 8b 50 f8 85 d2 79  D..$.H.D$(.P...y
-   +0x0000000001413e20  6f                                               o               
-   [*] After:
-   +0x0000000001413e10  45 31 e4 48 8d 05 2a 91 5d 01 90 90 90 90 90 90  E1.H..*.].......
-   +0x0000000001413e20  90                                               .               
-
-   [*] New RSA-2048 private key has been saved to
-      /home/doublesine/github.com/navicat-keygen/RegPrivateKey.pem
-
-   *******************************************************
-   *           PATCH HAS BEEN DONE SUCCESSFULLY!         *
-   *                  HAVE FUN AND ENJOY~                *
-   *******************************************************
-   ```
-
-5. 将文件重新打包成AppImage：
-
-   __例如：__
-
-   ```console
-   $ wget 'https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageKit/releases/download/continuous/appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage'
-   $ chmod +x appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage
-   $ ./appimagetool-x86_64.AppImage ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched.AppImage
-   ```
-
-6. 运行刚生成的AppImage：
-
-   ```console
-   $ chmod +x ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched.AppImage
-   $ ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched.AppImage
-   ```
-
-7. 使用 `navicat-keygen` 来生成 __序列号__ 和 __激活码__。
-
-   ```
-   Usage:
-       navicat-keygen <--bin|--text> [--adv] <RSA-2048 Private Key File>
-
-           <--bin|--text>    Specify "--bin" to generate "license_file" used by Navicat 11.
-                             Specify "--text" to generate base64-encoded activation code.
-                             This parameter must be specified.
-
-           [--adv]                       Enable advance mode.
-                                         This parameter is optional.
-
-           <RSA-2048 Private Key File>   A path to an RSA-2048 private key file.
-                                         This parameter must be specified.
-   ```
-
-   __例如：__
-
-   ```console
-   $ ./bin/navicat-keygen --text ./RegPrivateKey.pem
-   ```
-
-   你会被要求选择Navicat产品类别、Navicat语言版本和填写主版本号。之后一个随机生成的 __序列号__ 将会给出。
-
-   ```console
-   $ ./bin/navicat-keygen --text ./RegPrivateKey.pem
-   **********************************************************
-   *       Navicat Keygen (Linux) by @DoubleLabyrinth       *
-   *                   Version: 1.0                         *
-   **********************************************************
-
-   [*] Select Navicat product:
-   0. DataModeler
-   1. Premium
-   2. MySQL
-   3. PostgreSQL
-   4. Oracle
-   5. SQLServer
-   6. SQLite
-   7. MariaDB
-   8. MongoDB
-   9. ReportViewer
-
-   (Input index)> 1
-
-   [*] Select product language:
-   0. English
-   1. Simplified Chinese
-   2. Traditional Chinese
-   3. Japanese
-   4. Polish
-   5. Spanish
-   6. French
-   7. German
-   8. Korean
-   9. Russian
-   10. Portuguese
-
-   (Input index)> 0
-
-   [*] Input major version number:
-   (range: 0 ~ 15, default: 12)> 15
-
-   [*] Serial number:
-   NAVM-RTVJ-EO42-IODD
-
-   [*] Your name:
-   ```
-
-   你可以使用这个 __序列号__ 来暂时激活Navicat。
-     
-   之后你会被要求填写 __用户名__ 和 __组织名__。你可以随意填写，但别太长。
-
-   ```console
-   [*] Your name: DoubleLabyrinth
-   [*] Your organization: DoubleLabyrinth
-
-   [*] Input request code in Base64: (Double press ENTER to end)
-   ```
-     
-   之后你会被要求填写请求码。__注意不要关闭keygen。__
-
-8. __断开网络__. 找到注册窗口，填写keygen给你的 __序列号__，然后点击 `激活`。   
-
-9. 通常在线激活会失败，所以在弹出的提示中选择 `手动激活`。
-
-10. 复制 __请求码__ 到keygen，连按两次回车结束。
-
-    ```console
-    [*] Input request code in Base64: (Double press ENTER to end)
-    OaGPC3MNjJ/pINbajFzLRkrV2OaSXYLr2tNLDW0fIthPOJQFXr84OOroCY1XN8R2xl2j7epZ182PL6q+BRaSC6hnHev/cZwhq/4LFNcLu0T0D/QUhEEBJl4QzFr8TlFSYI1qhWGLIxkGZggA8vMLMb/sLHYn9QebBigvleP9dNCS4sO82bilFrKFUtq3ch8r7V3mbcbXJCfLhXgrHRvT2FV/s1BFuZzuWZUujxlp37U6Y2PFD8fQgsgBUwrxYbF0XxnXKbCmvtgh2yaB3w9YnQLoDiipKp7io1IxEFMYHCpjmfTGk4WU01mSbdi2OS/wm9pq2Y62xvwawsq1WQJoMg==
-
-    [*] Request Info:
-    {"K":"NAVMRTVJEO42IODD", "DI":"4A12F84C6A088104D23E", "P":"linux"}
-
-    [*] Response Info:
-    {"K":"NAVMRTVJEO42IODD","DI":"4A12F84C6A088104D23E","N":"DoubleLabyrinth","O":"DoubleLabyrinth","T":1575543648}
-
-    [*] Activation Code:
-    i45HIr7T1g69Cm9g3bN1DBpM/Zio8idBw3LOFGXFQjXj0nPfy9yRGuxaUBQkWXSOWa5EAv7S9Z1sljlkZP6cKdfDGYsBb/4N1W5Oj1qogzNtRo5LGwKe9Re3zPY3SO8RXACfpNaKjdjpoOQa9GjQ/igDVH8r1k+Oc7nEnRPZBm0w9aJIM9kS42lbjynVuOJMZIotZbk1NloCodNyRQw3vEEP7kq6bRZsQFp2qF/mr+hIPH8lo/WF3hh+2NivdrzmrKKhPnoqSgSsEttL9a6ueGOP7Io3j2lAFqb9hEj1uC3tPRpYcBpTZX7GAloAENSasFwMdBIdszifDrRW42wzXw==
-    ```
-
-11. 最终你会得到一个base64编码的 __激活码__。
-
-    将之复制到 `手动激活` 的窗口，然后点击 `激活`。
-    
-    如果没有什么意外，应该可以成功激活。
-
-12. 最后的清理：
-
-    ```console
-    $ rm ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en.AppImage
-    $ rm -rf ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched
-    $ mv ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en-patched.AppImage ~/Desktop/navicat15-premium-en.AppImage
-    ```
+* zenuo

--- a/common/Exception.hpp
+++ b/common/Exception.hpp
@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <exception>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-#include <utility>
-
-namespace ARL {
-
-    class Exception : public std::exception {
-    private:
-
-        const char*  m_SourceFile;
-        const size_t m_SourceLine;
-        std::string  m_Message;
-        std::vector<std::string> m_Hints;
-
-    public:
-
-        template<typename... __ArgTypes>
-        Exception(const char* SourceFile, size_t SourceLine, const char* Format, __ArgTypes&&... Args) noexcept :
-            m_SourceFile(SourceFile),
-            m_SourceLine(SourceLine)
-        {
-            if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) == 0) {
-                m_Message.assign(Format);
-            } else {
-                int l;
-                
-                l = snprintf(nullptr, 0, Format, std::forward<__ArgTypes>(Args)...);
-                if (l < 0) {
-                    std::terminate();
-                }
-
-                m_Message.resize(l + 1);
-
-                l = snprintf(m_Message.data(), m_Message.length(), Format, std::forward<__ArgTypes>(Args)...);
-                if (l < 0) {
-                    std::terminate();
-                }
-
-                while (m_Message.back() == '\x00') {
-                    m_Message.pop_back();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        auto ExceptionFile() const noexcept {
-            return m_SourceFile;
-        }
-        
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        auto ExceptionLine() const noexcept {
-            return m_SourceLine;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        auto ExceptionMessage() const noexcept {
-            return m_Message.c_str();
-        }
-
-        template<typename __HintType>
-        auto& PushHint(__HintType&& Hint) noexcept {    // if an exception is thrown, just suppress and terminate.
-            m_Hints.emplace_back(std::forward<__HintType>(Hint));
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        template<typename... __ArgTypes>
-        auto& PushFormatHint(const char* Format, __ArgTypes&&... Args) noexcept {    // if an exception is thrown, just suppress and terminate.
-            int l;
-            std::string s;
-
-            l = snprintf(nullptr, 0, Format, std::forward<__ArgTypes>(Args)...);
-            if (l < 0) {
-                std::terminate();
-            }
-
-            s.resize(l + 1);
-
-            l = snprintf(s.data(), s.length(), Format, std::forward<__ArgTypes>(Args)...);
-            if (l < 0) {
-                std::terminate();
-            }
-
-            while (s.back() == '\x00') {
-                s.pop_back();
-            }
-
-            m_Hints.emplace_back(std::move(s));
-
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const auto& Hints() const noexcept {
-            return m_Hints;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        virtual bool HasErrorCode() const noexcept {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        virtual intptr_t ErrorCode() const noexcept {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        virtual const char* ErrorString() const noexcept {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual const char* what() const noexcept override {
-            return ExceptionMessage();
-        }
-    };
-
-}
-
--- a/common/ExceptionGeneric.hpp
+++ b/common/ExceptionGeneric.hpp
@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include "Exception.hpp"
-
-namespace ARL {
-
-#pragma push_macro("DECLARE_NEW_EXCEPTION")
-#undef DECLARE_NEW_EXCEPTION
-
-#define DECLARE_NEW_EXCEPTION(name)                                                                             \
-    class name final : public Exception {                                                                       \
-    public:                                                                                                     \
-        template<typename... __ArgTypes>                                                                        \
-        name(const char* SourceFile, size_t SourceLine, const char* Format, __ArgTypes&&... Args) noexcept :    \
-            Exception(SourceFile, SourceLine, Format, std::forward<__ArgTypes>(Args)...) {}                     \
-    }
-
-    DECLARE_NEW_EXCEPTION(AssertionError);
-    DECLARE_NEW_EXCEPTION(EOFError);
-    DECLARE_NEW_EXCEPTION(IndexError);
-    DECLARE_NEW_EXCEPTION(KeyError);
-    DECLARE_NEW_EXCEPTION(NotImplementedError);
-    DECLARE_NEW_EXCEPTION(OverflowError);
-    DECLARE_NEW_EXCEPTION(ValueError);
-
-#undef DECLARE_NEW_EXCEPTION
-#pragma pop_macro("DECLARE_NEW_EXCEPTION")
-
-}
-
--- a/common/ExceptionOpenssl.hpp
+++ b/common/ExceptionOpenssl.hpp
@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include "Exception.hpp"
-#include <openssl/err.h>
-
-namespace ARL {
-
-    class OpensslError final : public Exception {
-    private:
-
-        unsigned long m_ErrorCode;
-
-    public:
-
-        template<typename... __ArgTypes>
-        OpensslError(const char* SourceFile, size_t SourceLine, unsigned long ErrorCode, const char* Format, __ArgTypes&&... Args) noexcept :
-            Exception(SourceFile, SourceLine, Format, std::forward<__ArgTypes>(Args)...),
-            m_ErrorCode(ErrorCode) {}
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual bool HasErrorCode() const noexcept override {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual intptr_t ErrorCode() const noexcept override {
-            return m_ErrorCode;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual const char* ErrorString() const noexcept override {
-            static bool loaded = false;
-            if (loaded == false) {
-                ERR_load_crypto_strings();
-                loaded = true;
-            }
-            return ERR_reason_error_string(m_ErrorCode);
-        }
-    };
-
-}
-
-
--- a/common/ExceptionSystem.hpp
+++ b/common/ExceptionSystem.hpp
@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include "Exception.hpp"
-#include <string.h>
-
-namespace ARL {
-
-    class SystemError final : public Exception {
-    private:
-
-        int m_ErrorCode;
-
-    public:
-
-        template<typename... __ArgTypes>
-        SystemError(const char* SourceFile, size_t SourceLine, int ErrorCode, const char* Format, __ArgTypes&&... Args) noexcept :
-            Exception(SourceFile, SourceLine, Format, std::forward<__ArgTypes>(Args)...),
-            m_ErrorCode(ErrorCode) {}
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual bool HasErrorCode() const noexcept override {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual intptr_t ErrorCode() const noexcept override {
-            return m_ErrorCode;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual const char* ErrorString() const noexcept override {
-            return strerror(m_ErrorCode);
-        }
-    };
-
-}
--- a/common/RSACipher.hpp
+++ b/common/RSACipher.hpp
@ -1,274 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <openssl/opensslv.h>
-#include <openssl/err.h>
-#include <openssl/pem.h>
-#include <openssl/bio.h>
-#include <openssl/rsa.h>
-#include <string>
-#include "Exception.hpp"
-#include "ExceptionOpenssl.hpp"
-#include "ResourceWrapper.hpp"
-#include "ResourceTraitsOpenssl.hpp"
-
-namespace nkg {
-
-    enum class RSAKeyType {
-        PrivateKey,
-        PublicKey
-    };
-
-    enum class RSAKeyFormat {
-        PEM,
-        PKCS1
-    };
-
-    class RSACipher final : private ARL::ResourceWrapper<ARL::ResourceTraits::OpensslRSA> {
-    private:
-
-        template<RSAKeyType __Type, RSAKeyFormat __Format>
-        static void _WriteRSAToBIO(RSA* lpRSA, BIO* lpBIO) {
-            if constexpr (__Type == RSAKeyType::PrivateKey) {
-                if (PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(lpBIO, lpRSA, nullptr, nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr) == 0) {
-                    throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey failed.");
-                }
-            }
-
-            if constexpr (__Type == RSAKeyType::PublicKey) {
-                if constexpr (__Format == RSAKeyFormat::PEM) {
-                    if (PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(lpBIO, lpRSA) == 0) {
-                        throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY failed.");
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if constexpr (__Format == RSAKeyFormat::PKCS1) {
-                    if (PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey(lpBIO, lpRSA) == 0) {
-                        throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey failed.");
-                    }
-                }
-
-                static_assert(__Format == RSAKeyFormat::PEM || __Format == RSAKeyFormat::PKCS1);
-            }
-
-            static_assert(__Type == RSAKeyType::PrivateKey || __Type == RSAKeyType::PublicKey);
-        }
-
-        template<RSAKeyType __Type, RSAKeyFormat __Format>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        static RSA* _ReadRSAFromBIO(BIO* lpBIO) {
-            RSA* lpRSA;
-
-            if constexpr (__Type == RSAKeyType::PrivateKey) {
-                lpRSA = PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey(lpBIO, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
-                if (lpRSA == nullptr) {
-                    throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey failed.")
-                        .PushHint("Are you sure that you DO provide a valid RSA private key file?");
-                }
-            }
-
-            if constexpr (__Type == RSAKeyType::PublicKey) {
-                if constexpr (__Format == RSAKeyFormat::PEM) {
-                    lpRSA = PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(lpBIO, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
-                    if (lpRSA == nullptr) {
-                        throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY failed.")
-                            .PushHint("Are you sure that you DO provide a valid RSA public key file with PEM format?");
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if constexpr (__Format == RSAKeyFormat::PKCS1) {
-                    lpRSA = PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey(lpBIO, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
-                    if (lpRSA == nullptr) {
-                        throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey failed.")
-                            .PushHint("Are you sure that you DO provide a valid RSA public key file with PKCS1 format?");
-                    }
-                }
-
-                static_assert(__Format == RSAKeyFormat::PEM || __Format == RSAKeyFormat::PKCS1);
-            }
-
-            static_assert(__Type == RSAKeyType::PrivateKey || __Type == RSAKeyType::PublicKey);
-
-            return lpRSA;
-        }
-
-    public:
-
-        RSACipher() : ARL::ResourceWrapper<ARL::ResourceTraits::OpensslRSA>(RSA_new()) {
-            if (IsValid() == false) {
-                throw ARL::OpensslError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ERR_get_error(), "RSA_new failed.");
-            }
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        size_t Bits() const {
-#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xffff0000) == 0x10000000     // openssl 1.0.x
-            if (Get()->n == nullptr) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "RSA modulus has not been set.");
-            } else {
-                return BN_num_bits(Get()->n);
-            }
-#elif (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xffff0000) == 0x10100000     // openssl 1.1.x
-            return RSA_bits(Get());
-#else
-#error "Unexpected openssl version!"
-#endif
-        }
-
-        void GenerateKey(int bits, unsigned int e = RSA_F4) {
-            ARL::ResourceWrapper bn_e{ ARL::ResourceTraits::OpensslBIGNUM{} };
-
-            bn_e.TakeOver(BN_new());
-            if (bn_e.IsValid() == false) {
-                throw ARL::OpensslError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ERR_get_error(), "BN_new failed.");
-            }
-
-            if (!BN_set_word(bn_e, e)) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "BN_set_word failed.");
-            }
-
-            if (!RSA_generate_key_ex(Get(), bits, bn_e, nullptr)) {
-                throw ARL::OpensslError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ERR_get_error(), "RSA_generate_key_ex failed.");
-            }
-        }
-
-        template<RSAKeyType __Type, RSAKeyFormat __Format>
-        void ExportKeyToFile(std::string_view FileName) const {
-            ARL::ResourceWrapper KeyFile{ ARL::ResourceTraits::OpensslBIO{} };
-
-            KeyFile.TakeOver(BIO_new_file(FileName.data(), "w"));
-            if (KeyFile.IsValid() == false) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "BIO_new_file failed.");
-            }
-
-            _WriteRSAToBIO<__Type, __Format>(Get(), KeyFile);
-        }
-
-        template<RSAKeyType __Type, RSAKeyFormat __Format>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        std::string ExportKeyString() const {
-            ARL::ResourceWrapper TempMemory{ ARL::ResourceTraits::OpensslBIO{} };
-            const char* lpsz = nullptr;
-
-            TempMemory.TakeOver(BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()));
-            if (TempMemory.IsValid() == false) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "BIO_new failed.");
-            }
-
-            _WriteRSAToBIO<__Type, __Format>(Get(), TempMemory);
-
-            auto l = BIO_get_mem_data(TempMemory.Get(), &lpsz);
-
-            std::string KeyString(lpsz, l);
-            while (KeyString.back() == '\n' || KeyString.back() == '\r') {
-                KeyString.pop_back();
-            }
-
-            return KeyString;
-        }
-
-        template<RSAKeyType __Type, RSAKeyFormat __Format>
-        void ImportKeyFromFile(std::string_view FileName) {
-            ARL::ResourceWrapper KeyFile{ ARL::ResourceTraits::OpensslBIO{} };
-
-            KeyFile.TakeOver(BIO_new_file(FileName.data(), "r"));
-            if (KeyFile.IsValid() == false) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "BIO_new_file failed.");
-            }
-
-            ReleaseAndTakeOver(_ReadRSAFromBIO<__Type, __Format>(KeyFile));
-        }
-
-        template<RSAKeyType __Type, RSAKeyFormat __Format>
-        void ImportKeyString(std::string_view KeyString) {
-            ARL::ResourceWrapper TempMemory{ ARL::ResourceTraits::OpensslBIO{} };
-
-            TempMemory.TakeOver(BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()));
-            if (TempMemory.IsValid() == false) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "BIO_new failed.");
-            }
-
-            if (BIO_puts(TempMemory.Get(), KeyString.data()) <= 0) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "BIO_puts failed.");
-            }
-
-            TakeOver(_ReadRSAFromBIO<__Type, __Format>(TempMemory));
-        }
-
-        template<RSAKeyType __Type = RSAKeyType::PublicKey>
-        size_t Encrypt(const void* lpFrom, size_t cbFrom, void* lpTo, int Padding) const {
-            int BytesWritten;
-
-            if (cbFrom > static_cast<size_t>(INT_MAX)) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Length overflowed.");
-            }
-
-            if constexpr (__Type == RSAKeyType::PrivateKey) {
-                BytesWritten = RSA_private_encrypt(
-                    static_cast<int>(cbFrom),
-                    reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(lpFrom),
-                    reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(lpTo),
-                    Get(),
-                    Padding
-                );
-
-                if (BytesWritten == -1) {
-                    throw ARL::OpensslError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ERR_get_error(), "RSA_private_encrypt failed.");
-                }
-            } else {
-                BytesWritten = RSA_public_encrypt(
-                    static_cast<int>(cbFrom),
-                    reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(lpFrom),
-                    reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(lpTo),
-                    Get(),
-                    Padding
-                );
-
-                if (BytesWritten == -1) {
-                    throw ARL::OpensslError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ERR_get_error(), "RSA_public_encrypt failed.");
-                }
-            }
-
-            return BytesWritten;
-        }
-
-        template<RSAKeyType __Type = RSAKeyType::PrivateKey>
-        size_t Decrypt(const void* lpFrom, size_t cbFrom, void* lpTo, int Padding) const {
-            int BytesWritten;
-
-            if (cbFrom > static_cast<size_t>(INT_MAX)) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Length overflowed.");
-            }
-
-            if constexpr (__Type == RSAKeyType::PrivateKey) {
-                BytesWritten = RSA_private_decrypt(
-                    static_cast<int>(cbFrom),
-                    reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(lpFrom),
-                    reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(lpTo),
-                    Get(),
-                    Padding
-                );
-
-                if (BytesWritten == -1) {
-                    throw ARL::OpensslError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ERR_get_error(), "RSA_private_decrypt failed.")
-                        .PushHint("Are your sure you DO provide a correct private key?");
-                }
-            } else {
-                BytesWritten = RSA_public_decrypt(
-                    static_cast<int>(cbFrom),
-                    reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(lpFrom),
-                    reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(lpTo),
-                    Get(),
-                    Padding
-                );
-
-                if (BytesWritten == -1) {
-                    throw ARL::OpensslError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ERR_get_error(), "RSA_public_decrypt failed.")
-                        .PushHint("Are your sure you DO provide a correct public key?");
-                }
-            }
-
-            return BytesWritten;
-        }
-    };
-
-}
-
--- a/common/ResourceTraitsOpenssl.hpp
+++ b/common/ResourceTraitsOpenssl.hpp
@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <openssl/bio.h>
-#include <openssl/rsa.h>
-
-namespace ARL::ResourceTraits {
-
-    struct OpensslBIO {
-        using HandleType = BIO*;
-
-        static inline const HandleType InvalidValue = nullptr;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        static bool IsValid(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            return Handle != InvalidValue;
-        }
-
-        static void Release(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            BIO_free(Handle);
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct OpensslBIOChain {
-        using HandleType = BIO*;
-
-        static inline const HandleType InvalidValue = nullptr;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        static bool IsValid(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            return Handle != InvalidValue;
-        }
-
-        static void Release(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            BIO_free_all(Handle);
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct OpensslBIGNUM {
-        using HandleType = BIGNUM*;
-
-        static inline const HandleType InvalidValue = nullptr;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        static bool IsValid(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            return Handle != InvalidValue;
-        }
-
-        static void Release(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            BN_free(Handle);
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct OpensslRSA {
-        using HandleType = RSA*;
-
-        static inline const HandleType InvalidValue = nullptr;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        static bool IsValid(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            return Handle != InvalidValue;
-        }
-
-        static void Release(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            RSA_free(Handle);
-        }
-    };
-
-}
-
--- a/common/ResourceWrapper.hpp
+++ b/common/ResourceWrapper.hpp
@ -1,375 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <utility>
-
-namespace ARL {
-
-    template<typename __ResourceTraits>
-    class ResourceWrapper {
-    public:
-
-        using HandleType = typename __ResourceTraits::HandleType;
-
-        static_assert(
-            std::is_trivial_v<HandleType> && std::is_standard_layout_v<HandleType>,
-            "HandleType must be a POD type."
-        );
-
-    private:
-    
-        HandleType m_Handle;
-
-    public:
-
-        ResourceWrapper() noexcept :
-            m_Handle(__ResourceTraits::InvalidValue) {}
-
-        ResourceWrapper(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept :
-            m_Handle(Handle) {}
-
-        ResourceWrapper(__ResourceTraits) noexcept :
-            m_Handle(__ResourceTraits::InvalidValue) {}
-
-        ResourceWrapper(__ResourceTraits, const HandleType& Handle) noexcept :
-            m_Handle(Handle) {}
-
-        ResourceWrapper(const ResourceWrapper& Other) = delete;
-
-        ResourceWrapper(ResourceWrapper&& Other) noexcept :
-            m_Handle(std::move(Other.m_Handle)) 
-        { 
-            Other.m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue; 
-        }
-
-        ResourceWrapper& operator=(const ResourceWrapper& Other) = delete;
-
-        ResourceWrapper& operator=(ResourceWrapper&& Other) noexcept {
-            if (this != std::addressof(Other)) {
-                if (IsValid()) {
-                    __ResourceTraits::Release(m_Handle);
-                }
-
-                m_Handle = std::move(Other.m_Handle);
-                Other.m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-            }
-
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        operator HandleType() const noexcept {  // NOLINT: Allow implicit conversion.
-            return m_Handle;
-        }
-
-        template<typename __AsType>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __AsType As() const noexcept {
-            return reinterpret_cast<__AsType>(m_Handle);
-        }
-
-        template<bool __Enable = std::is_pointer_v<HandleType>>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        std::enable_if_t<__Enable, HandleType> operator->() const noexcept {
-            return m_Handle;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        bool IsValid() const noexcept {
-            return __ResourceTraits::IsValid(m_Handle);
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        HandleType Get() const noexcept {
-            return m_Handle;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        HandleType* GetAddressOf() noexcept {
-            return &m_Handle;
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __ReturnType GetAddressOfAs() noexcept {
-            return reinterpret_cast<__ReturnType>(&m_Handle);
-        }
-
-        void TakeOver(const HandleType& Handle) {
-            if (IsValid() == false) {
-                m_Handle = Handle;
-            } else {
-                throw std::runtime_error("ResourceWrapper is already in use.");
-            }
-        }
-
-        void Discard() noexcept {
-            m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        HandleType Transfer() noexcept {
-            auto t = m_Handle;
-            m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-            return t;
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __ReturnType TransferAs() noexcept {
-            static_assert(
-                std::is_trivial_v<__ReturnType> && std::is_standard_layout_v<__ReturnType>,
-                "__ReturnType should also be a POD type, just like HandleType."
-            );
-
-            auto t = reinterpret_cast<__ReturnType>(m_Handle);
-            m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-            return t;
-        }
-
-        void Release() {
-            if (IsValid()) {
-                __ResourceTraits::Release(m_Handle);
-                m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-            }
-        }
-
-        void ReleaseAndTakeOver(const HandleType& Handle) {
-            if (IsValid()) {
-                __ResourceTraits::Release(m_Handle);
-            }
-
-            m_Handle = Handle;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        HandleType* ReleaseAndGetAddressOf() {
-            if (IsValid()) {
-                __ResourceTraits::Release(m_Handle);
-                m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-            }
-
-            return GetAddressOf();
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType>
-        __ReturnType ReleaseAndGetAddressOfAs() {
-            if (IsValid()) {
-                __ResourceTraits::Release(m_Handle);
-                m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-            }
-
-            return GetAddressOfAs<__ReturnType>();
-        }
-
-        ~ResourceWrapper() {
-            Release();
-        }
-    };
-
-    template<typename __ResourceTraits, typename __DeleterType>
-    class ResourceWrapperEx {
-    public:
-
-        using HandleType = typename __ResourceTraits::HandleType;
-        using DeleterType = __DeleterType;
-
-        static_assert(
-            std::is_trivial_v<HandleType> && std::is_standard_layout_v<HandleType>,
-            "HandleType must be a POD type."
-        );
-
-    private:
-
-        HandleType  m_Handle;
-        DeleterType m_Deleter;
-
-    public:
-
-        template<typename __DeleterArgType>
-        ResourceWrapperEx(__ResourceTraits, __DeleterArgType&& Deleter) noexcept :
-            m_Handle(__ResourceTraits::InvalidValue),
-            m_Deleter(std::forward<__DeleterArgType>(Deleter)) {}
-
-        template<typename __DeleterArgType>
-        ResourceWrapperEx(__ResourceTraits, const HandleType& Handle, __DeleterArgType&& Deleter) noexcept :
-            m_Handle(Handle),
-            m_Deleter(std::forward<__DeleterArgType>(Deleter)) {}
-
-        ResourceWrapperEx(const ResourceWrapperEx& Other) = delete;
-
-        ResourceWrapperEx(ResourceWrapperEx&& Other) noexcept :
-            m_Handle(std::move(Other.m_Handle)),
-            m_Deleter(std::move(Other.m_Deleter)) 
-        { 
-            Other.m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue; 
-        }
-
-        ResourceWrapperEx& operator=(const ResourceWrapperEx& Other) = delete;
-
-        ResourceWrapperEx& operator=(ResourceWrapperEx&& Other) noexcept {
-            if (this != std::addressof(Other)) {
-                if (IsValid()) {
-                    m_Deleter(m_Handle);
-                }
-
-                m_Handle = std::move(Other.m_Handle);
-                m_Deleter = std::move(Other.m_Deleter);
-                Other.m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-            }
-        
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        operator HandleType() const noexcept { // NOLINT: Allow implicit conversion.
-            return m_Handle;
-        }
-
-        template<typename __AsType>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __AsType As() const noexcept {
-            return reinterpret_cast<__AsType>(m_Handle);
-        }
-
-        template<bool __Enable = std::is_pointer_v<HandleType>>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        std::enable_if_t<__Enable, HandleType> operator->() const noexcept {
-            return m_Handle;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        bool IsValid() const noexcept {
-            return __ResourceTraits::IsValid(m_Handle);
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        HandleType Get() const noexcept {
-            return m_Handle;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        HandleType* GetAddressOf() noexcept {
-            return &m_Handle;
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __ReturnType GetAddressOfAs() noexcept {
-            return reinterpret_cast<__ReturnType>(&m_Handle);
-        }
-
-        void TakeOver(const HandleType& Handle) {
-            if (IsValid() == false) {
-                m_Handle = Handle;
-            } else {
-                throw std::runtime_error("ResourceWrapperEx is already in use.");
-            }
-        }
-
-        void Discard() noexcept {
-            m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        HandleType Transfer() noexcept {
-            auto t = m_Handle;
-            m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-            return t;
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __ReturnType TransferAs() noexcept {
-            static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<__ReturnType> && std::is_standard_layout_v<__ReturnType>);
-
-            auto t = reinterpret_cast<__ReturnType>(m_Handle);
-            m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-            return t;
-        }
-
-        void Release() {
-            if (IsValid()) {
-                m_Deleter(m_Handle);
-                m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-            }
-        }
-
-        void ReleaseAndTakeOver(const HandleType& Handle) {
-            if (IsValid()) {
-                __ResourceTraits::Release(m_Handle);
-            }
-
-            m_Handle = Handle;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        HandleType* ReleaseAndGetAddressOf() {
-            if (IsValid()) {
-                m_Deleter(m_Handle);
-                m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-            }
-
-            return GetAddressOf();
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType>
-        __ReturnType ReleaseAndGetAddressOfAs() {
-            if (IsValid()) {
-                m_Deleter(m_Handle);
-                m_Handle = __ResourceTraits::InvalidValue;
-            }
-
-            return GetAddressOfAs<__ReturnType>();
-        }
-
-        ~ResourceWrapperEx() {
-            Release();
-        }
-    };
-
-    template<typename __ResourceTraits, typename __DeleterArgType>
-    ResourceWrapperEx(__ResourceTraits, __DeleterArgType&& Deleter) ->
-        ResourceWrapperEx<__ResourceTraits, std::remove_reference_t<__DeleterArgType>>;
-
-    template<typename __ResourceTraits, typename __DeleterArgType>
-    ResourceWrapperEx(__ResourceTraits, const typename __ResourceTraits::HandleType& Handle, __DeleterArgType&& Deleter) ->
-        ResourceWrapperEx<__ResourceTraits, std::remove_reference_t<__DeleterArgType>>;
-
-    namespace ResourceTraits {
-
-        template<typename __ClassType>
-        struct CppObject {
-            using HandleType = __ClassType*;
-
-            static inline const HandleType InvalidValue = nullptr;
-
-            [[nodiscard]]
-            static bool IsValid(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-                return Handle != InvalidValue;
-            }
-
-            static void Release(const HandleType& Handle) {
-                delete Handle;
-            }
-        };
-
-        template<typename __ElementType>
-        struct CppArray {
-            using HandleType = __ElementType*;
-
-            static inline const HandleType InvalidValue = nullptr;
-
-            [[nodiscard]]
-            static bool IsValid(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-                return Handle != InvalidValue;
-            }
-
-            static void Release(const HandleType& Handle) {
-                delete[] Handle;
-            }
-        };
-
-    }
-}
-
--- a/common/common.vcxitems
+++ b/common/common.vcxitems
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <MSBuildAllProjects Condition="'$(MSBuildVersion)' == '' Or '$(MSBuildVersion)' &lt; '16.0'">$(MSBuildAllProjects);$(MSBuildThisFileFullPath)</MSBuildAllProjects>
+    <HasSharedItems>true</HasSharedItems>
+    <ItemsProjectGuid>{6d81a756-475a-4093-919e-3e9217f662ca}</ItemsProjectGuid>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories);$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectCapability Include="SourceItemsFromImports" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)cp_converter.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)exception.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)exceptions\index_exception.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)exceptions\key_exception.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)exceptions\win32_exception.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)exceptions\not_implemented_exception.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)exceptions\operation_canceled_exception.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)exceptions\overflow_exception.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\keystone\keystone_handle.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\openssl\bignum.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\openssl\bio.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\openssl\bio_chain.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\openssl\decoder_ctx.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\openssl\encoder_ctx.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\openssl\evp_cipher_ctx.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\openssl\evp_pkey.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\openssl\evp_pkey_ctx.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\openssl\rsa.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\unicorn\unicorn_handle.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\win32\map_view_ptr.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\cxx_dynamic_array_traits.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\cxx_object_traits.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\win32\file_handle.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\win32\generic_handle.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_traits\win32\local_alloc.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)resource_wrapper.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)rsa_cipher.hpp" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)exceptions\win32_exception.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)rsa_cipher.cpp" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/common/common.vcxitems.user
+++ b/common/common.vcxitems.user
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="Current" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ShowAllFiles>true</ShowAllFiles>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/common/cp_converter.hpp
+++ b/common/cp_converter.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <string>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include "exceptions/win32_exception.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\common\\cp_converter.hpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    template<int from_cp, int to_cp>
+    struct cp_converter {
+        static std::string convert(std::string_view from_string) {
+            if constexpr (from_cp == to_cp) {
+                return from_string;
+            } else {
+                if (from_cp == CP_ACP && GetACP() == to_cp) {
+                    return from_string;
+                } else {
+                    return cp_converter<-1, to_cp>::convert(cp_converter<from_cp, -1>::convert(from_string));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<int from_cp>
+    struct cp_converter<from_cp, -1> {
+        static std::wstring convert(std::string_view from_string) {
+            int len;
+
+            len = MultiByteToWideChar(from_cp, 0, from_string.data(), -1, NULL, 0);
+            if (len <= 0) {
+                throw ::nkg::exceptions::win32_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), GetLastError(), u8"MultiByteToWideChar failed.");
+            }
+
+            std::wstring to_string(len, 0);
+
+            len = MultiByteToWideChar(from_cp, 0, from_string.data(), -1, to_string.data(), len);
+            if (len <= 0) {
+                throw ::nkg::exceptions::win32_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), GetLastError(), u8"MultiByteToWideChar failed.");
+            }
+
+            while (to_string.length() > 0 && to_string.back() == 0) {
+                to_string.pop_back();
+            }
+
+            return to_string;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<int to_cp>
+    struct cp_converter<-1, to_cp> {
+        static std::string convert(std::wstring_view from_string) {
+            int len;
+            
+            len = WideCharToMultiByte(to_cp, 0, from_string.data(), -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+            if (len <= 0) {
+                throw ::nkg::exceptions::win32_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), GetLastError(), u8"WideCharToMultiByte failed.");
+            }
+
+            std::string to_string(len, 0);
+
+            len = WideCharToMultiByte(to_cp, 0, from_string.data(), -1, to_string.data(), len, NULL, NULL);
+            if (len <= 0) {
+                throw ::nkg::exceptions::win32_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), GetLastError(), u8"WideCharToMultiByte failed.");
+            }
+
+            while (to_string.length() > 0 && to_string.back() == 0) {
+                to_string.pop_back();
+            }
+
+            return to_string;
+        }
+    };
+
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
--- a/common/exception.hpp
+++ b/common/exception.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    class exception : public std::exception {
+    private:
+        int m_source_line;
+        std::string m_source_file;
+        std::string m_custom_message;
+        std::vector<std::string> m_hints;
+
+    public:
+        [[noreturn]]
+        static void trap_then_terminate() {
+#if _MSC_VER
+            __debugbreak();
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__) || defined(__clang__)
+            __builtin_trap();
+
+#else
+#error "exception.hpp: unknown compiler is detected."
+#endif
+            std::terminate();
+        }
+
+        exception(std::string_view file, int line, std::string_view message) noexcept :
+            std::exception(),   // don't pass `char*` to `std::exception`, because it is not documented in c++ standard.
+            m_source_line(line),
+            m_source_file(file),
+            m_custom_message(message) {}
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        int source_line() const noexcept {
+            return m_source_line;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        const std::string& source_file() const noexcept {
+            return m_source_file;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        const std::string& custom_message() const noexcept {
+            return m_custom_message;
+        }
+
+        exception& push_hint(std::string_view hint) noexcept {
+            m_hints.emplace_back(hint);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        exception& pop_hint() noexcept {
+            m_hints.pop_back();
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        const std::vector<std::string>& hints() const noexcept {
+            return m_hints;
+        }
+
+        virtual const char* what() const noexcept override {
+            return m_custom_message.c_str();
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        virtual bool error_code_exists() const noexcept {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        virtual intptr_t error_code() const noexcept {
+            trap_then_terminate();
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        virtual const std::string& error_string() const noexcept {
+            trap_then_terminate();
+        }
+
+        virtual ~exception() = default;
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/exceptions/index_exception.hpp
+++ b/common/exceptions/index_exception.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "../exception.hpp"
+
+namespace nkg::exceptions {
+
+    class index_exception : public ::nkg::exception {
+        using ::nkg::exception::exception;
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/exceptions/key_exception.hpp
+++ b/common/exceptions/key_exception.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "../exception.hpp"
+
+namespace nkg::exceptions {
+
+    class key_exception : public ::nkg::exception {
+        using ::nkg::exception::exception;
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/exceptions/not_implemented_exception.hpp
+++ b/common/exceptions/not_implemented_exception.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "../exception.hpp"
+
+namespace nkg::exceptions {
+
+    class not_implemented_exception : public ::nkg::exception {
+        using ::nkg::exception::exception;
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/exceptions/operation_canceled_exception.hpp
+++ b/common/exceptions/operation_canceled_exception.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "../exception.hpp"
+
+namespace nkg::exceptions {
+
+    class operation_canceled_exception : public ::nkg::exception {
+        using ::nkg::exception::exception;
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/exceptions/overflow_exception.hpp
+++ b/common/exceptions/overflow_exception.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "../exception.hpp"
+
+namespace nkg::exceptions {
+
+    class overflow_exception : public ::nkg::exception {
+        using ::nkg::exception::exception;
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/exceptions/win32_exception.cpp
+++ b/common/exceptions/win32_exception.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "win32_exception.hpp"
+#include "../resource_wrapper.hpp"
+#include "../resource_traits/win32/local_alloc.hpp"
+#include "../cp_converter.hpp"
+
+namespace nkg::exceptions {
+
+    win32_exception::win32_exception(std::string_view file, int line, error_code_t win32_error_code, std::string_view message) noexcept :
+        ::nkg::exception(file, line, message)
+    {
+        m_error_code = win32_error_code;
+
+        ::nkg::resource_wrapper error_string{ ::nkg::resource_traits::win32::local_alloc{} };
+        FormatMessageW(
+            FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS | FORMAT_MESSAGE_MAX_WIDTH_MASK,
+            NULL,
+            win32_error_code,
+            MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
+            error_string.template unsafe_addressof<wchar_t>(),
+            0,
+            NULL
+        );
+        if (error_string.is_valid()) {
+            m_error_string = ::nkg::cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(error_string.template as<wchar_t*>());
+        } else {
+            std::terminate();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
--- a/common/exceptions/win32_exception.hpp
+++ b/common/exceptions/win32_exception.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "../exception.hpp"
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace nkg::exceptions {
+
+    class win32_exception final : public ::nkg::exception {
+    public:
+        using error_code_t = decltype(GetLastError());
+
+    private:
+        error_code_t m_error_code;
+        std::string m_error_string;
+
+    public:
+
+        win32_exception(std::string_view file, int line, error_code_t win32_error_code, std::string_view message) noexcept;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        virtual bool error_code_exists() const noexcept override {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        virtual intptr_t error_code() const noexcept override {
+            return m_error_code;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        virtual const std::string& error_string() const noexcept override {
+            return m_error_string;
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/cxx_dynamic_array_traits.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/cxx_dynamic_array_traits.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits {
+
+    template<typename element_t>
+    struct cxx_dynamic_array_traits {
+        using handle_t = element_t*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) {
+            delete[] handle;
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/cxx_object_traits.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/cxx_object_traits.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits {
+
+    template<typename object_t>
+    struct cxx_object_traits {
+        using handle_t = object_t*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) {
+            delete handle;
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/keystone/keystone_handle.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/keystone/keystone_handle.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <keystone/keystone.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::keystone {
+
+    struct keystone_handle {
+        using handle_t = ks_engine*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) {
+            ks_close(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct keystone_alloc {
+        using handle_t = unsigned char*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            ks_free(handle);
+        }
+    };
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/openssl/bignum.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/openssl/bignum.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <openssl/bn.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::openssl {
+
+    struct bignum {
+        using handle_t = BIGNUM*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            BN_free(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/openssl/bio.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/openssl/bio.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <openssl/bio.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::openssl {
+
+    struct bio {
+        using handle_t = BIO*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            BIO_free(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/openssl/bio_chain.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/openssl/bio_chain.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <openssl/bio.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::openssl {
+
+    struct bio_chain {
+        using handle_t = BIO*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            BIO_free_all(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/openssl/decoder_ctx.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/openssl/decoder_ctx.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <openssl/decoder.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::openssl {
+
+    struct decoder_ctx {
+        using handle_t = OSSL_DECODER_CTX*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            OSSL_DECODER_CTX_free(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/openssl/encoder_ctx.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/openssl/encoder_ctx.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <openssl/encoder.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::openssl {
+
+    struct encoder_ctx {
+        using handle_t = OSSL_ENCODER_CTX*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            OSSL_ENCODER_CTX_free(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/openssl/evp_cipher_ctx.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/openssl/evp_cipher_ctx.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::openssl {
+
+    struct evp_cipher_ctx {
+        using handle_t = EVP_CIPHER_CTX*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/openssl/evp_pkey.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/openssl/evp_pkey.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::openssl {
+
+    struct evp_pkey {
+        using handle_t = EVP_PKEY*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            EVP_PKEY_free(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/openssl/evp_pkey_ctx.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/openssl/evp_pkey_ctx.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::openssl {
+
+    struct evp_pkey_ctx {
+        using handle_t = EVP_PKEY_CTX*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/openssl/rsa.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/openssl/rsa.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <openssl/rsa.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::openssl {
+
+    struct rsa {
+        using handle_t = RSA*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            RSA_free(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/unicorn/unicorn_handle.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/unicorn/unicorn_handle.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <unicorn/unicorn.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::unicorn {
+
+    struct unicorn_handle {
+        using handle_t = uc_engine*;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = nullptr;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) {
+            uc_close(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/win32/file_handle.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/win32/file_handle.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::win32 {
+
+    struct file_handle {
+        using handle_t = HANDLE;
+
+        static inline const handle_t invalid_value = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) {
+            CloseHandle(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/win32/generic_handle.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/win32/generic_handle.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::win32 {
+
+    struct generic_handle {
+        using handle_t = HANDLE;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = NULL;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) {
+            CloseHandle(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/win32/local_alloc.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/win32/local_alloc.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::win32 {
+
+    struct local_alloc {
+        using handle_t = HLOCAL;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = NULL;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t handle) {
+            LocalFree(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_traits/win32/map_view_ptr.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_traits/win32/map_view_ptr.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace nkg::resource_traits::win32 {
+
+    struct map_view_ptr {
+        using handle_t = PVOID;
+
+        static constexpr handle_t invalid_value = NULL;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static bool is_valid(const handle_t& handle) noexcept {
+            return handle != invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        static void release(const handle_t& handle) {
+            UnmapViewOfFile(handle);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/common/resource_wrapper.hpp
+++ b/common/resource_wrapper.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    template<typename resource_traits_t, typename releaser_t = void>
+    class resource_wrapper {
+    public:
+        using handle_t = typename resource_traits_t::handle_t; 
+        static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<handle_t> && std::is_standard_layout_v<handle_t>, "`resource_wrapper` requires a handle with POD type.");
+
+    private:
+        handle_t m_handle;
+        releaser_t m_releaser;
+
+    public:
+        template<typename releaser_arg_t>
+        resource_wrapper(releaser_arg_t&& releaser) noexcept :
+            m_handle(resource_traits_t::invalid_value),
+            m_releaser(std::forward<releaser_arg_t>(releaser)) {}
+
+        template<typename releaser_arg_t>
+        resource_wrapper(const handle_t& handle, releaser_arg_t&& releaser) noexcept :
+            m_handle(handle),
+            m_releaser(std::forward<releaser_arg_t>(releaser)) {}
+
+        template<typename releaser_arg_t>
+        resource_wrapper(resource_traits_t, releaser_arg_t&& releaser) noexcept :
+            m_handle(resource_traits_t::invalid_value),
+            m_releaser(std::forward<releaser_arg_t>(releaser)) {}
+
+        template<typename releaser_arg_t>
+        resource_wrapper(resource_traits_t, const handle_t& handle, releaser_arg_t&& releaser) noexcept :
+            m_handle(handle),
+            m_releaser(std::forward<releaser_t>(releaser)) {}
+
+        // 
+        // `resource_wrapper` does not allow copy-construct
+        // 
+        resource_wrapper(const resource_wrapper& other) = delete;
+
+        //
+        // `resource_wrapper` allows move-construct.
+        //
+        resource_wrapper(resource_wrapper&& other) noexcept :
+            m_handle(other.m_handle),
+            m_releaser(std::move(other.m_releaser)) 
+        {
+            other.m_handle = resource_traits_t::invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // `resource_wrapper` does not allow to copy.
+        //
+        resource_wrapper& operator=(const resource_wrapper& other) = delete;
+
+        //
+        // `resource_wrapper` allows to move.
+        //
+        resource_wrapper& operator=(resource_wrapper&& other) noexcept {
+            if (this != std::addressof(other)) {
+                m_handle = other.m_handle;
+                m_releaser = std::move(other.m_releaser);
+                other.m_handle = resource_traits_t::invalid_value;
+            }
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template<typename ptr_t = handle_t, std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer_v<handle_t>, ptr_t> = nullptr>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        ptr_t operator->() const noexcept {
+            return m_handle;
+        }
+
+        template<typename as_t>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        as_t as() const noexcept {
+            return reinterpret_cast<as_t>(m_handle);
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        bool is_valid() const noexcept {
+            return resource_traits_t::is_valid(m_handle);
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        const handle_t& get() const noexcept {
+            return m_handle;
+        }
+
+        template<typename as_t = handle_t>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        as_t* unsafe_addressof() noexcept {
+            return reinterpret_cast<as_t*>(std::addressof(m_handle));
+        }
+
+        void set(const handle_t& handle) {
+            if (is_valid()) {
+                m_releaser(m_handle);
+            }
+            m_handle = handle;
+        }
+
+        void discard() noexcept {
+            m_handle = resource_traits_t::invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        handle_t transfer() noexcept {
+            handle_t t = m_handle;
+            m_handle = resource_traits_t::invalid_value;
+            return t;
+        }
+
+        void release() {
+            if (is_valid()) {
+                m_releaser(m_handle);
+                m_handle = resource_traits_t::invalid_value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~resource_wrapper() {
+            release();
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename resource_traits_t>
+    class resource_wrapper<resource_traits_t, void> {
+    public:
+        using handle_t = typename resource_traits_t::handle_t;
+        static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<handle_t>&& std::is_standard_layout_v<handle_t>, "`resource_wrapper` requires a handle with POD type.");
+
+    private:
+        handle_t m_handle;
+
+    public:
+        resource_wrapper() noexcept :
+            m_handle(resource_traits_t::invalid_value) {}
+
+        resource_wrapper(const handle_t& handle) noexcept :
+            m_handle(handle) {}
+
+        resource_wrapper(resource_traits_t) noexcept :
+            m_handle(resource_traits_t::invalid_value) {}
+
+        resource_wrapper(resource_traits_t, const handle_t& handle) noexcept :
+            m_handle(handle) {}
+
+        resource_wrapper(const resource_wrapper& other) = delete;
+
+        resource_wrapper(resource_wrapper&& other) noexcept :
+            m_handle(other.m_handle) 
+        {
+            other.m_handle = resource_traits_t::invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        resource_wrapper& operator=(const resource_wrapper& other) = delete;
+
+        resource_wrapper& operator=(resource_wrapper&& other) noexcept {
+            if (this != std::addressof(other)) {
+                m_handle = other.m_handle;
+                other.m_handle = resource_traits_t::invalid_value;
+            }
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template<typename ptr_t = handle_t, std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer_v<handle_t>, ptr_t> = nullptr>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        ptr_t operator->() const noexcept {
+            return m_handle;
+        }
+
+        template<typename as_t>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        as_t as() const noexcept {
+            return reinterpret_cast<as_t>(m_handle);
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        bool is_valid() const noexcept {
+            return resource_traits_t::is_valid(m_handle);
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        const handle_t& get() const noexcept {
+            return m_handle;
+        }
+
+        template<typename as_t = handle_t>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        as_t* unsafe_addressof() noexcept {
+            return reinterpret_cast<as_t*>(std::addressof(m_handle));
+        }
+
+        void set(const handle_t& handle) {
+            if (is_valid()) {
+                resource_traits_t::release(m_handle);
+            }
+            m_handle = handle;
+        }
+
+        void discard() noexcept {
+            m_handle = resource_traits_t::invalid_value;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        handle_t transfer() noexcept {
+            handle_t t = m_handle;
+            m_handle = resource_traits_t::invalid_value;
+            return t;
+        }
+
+        void release() {
+            if (is_valid()) {
+                resource_traits_t::release(m_handle);
+                m_handle = resource_traits_t::invalid_value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~resource_wrapper() {
+            release();
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename resource_traits_t>
+    resource_wrapper(resource_traits_t) ->
+        resource_wrapper<resource_traits_t, void>;
+
+    template<typename resource_traits_t, typename arg_t>
+    resource_wrapper(resource_traits_t, arg_t&&) ->
+        resource_wrapper<
+            resource_traits_t,
+            std::conditional_t<
+                std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<arg_t>>, typename resource_traits_t::handle_t> == false,
+                std::remove_reference_t<arg_t>,
+                void
+            >
+        >;
+
+    template<typename resource_traits_t, typename releaser_t, typename handle_t = typename resource_traits_t::handle_t>
+    resource_wrapper(resource_traits_t, const handle_t&, releaser_t&&) ->
+        resource_wrapper<resource_traits_t, std::remove_reference_t<releaser_t>>;
+
+}
--- a/common/rsa_cipher.cpp
+++ b/common/rsa_cipher.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+#include "rsa_cipher.hpp"
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <openssl/pem.h>
+#include <openssl/bio.h>
+
+#include "resource_traits/openssl/bio.hpp"
+#include "resource_traits/openssl/bignum.hpp"
+
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) == 0x30000000     // for openssl 3.x.x
+#include <openssl/encoder.h>
+#include <openssl/decoder.h>
+#include "resource_traits/openssl/encoder_ctx.hpp"
+#include "resource_traits/openssl/decoder_ctx.hpp"
+#endif
+
+#include "cp_converter.hpp"
+
+#include "exceptions/overflow_exception.hpp"
+
+#pragma comment(lib, "libcrypto")
+#pragma comment(lib, "crypt32") // required by libcrypto.lib
+#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32")  // required by libcrypto.lib
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\common\\rsa_cipher.cpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) < 0x30000000     // for openssl < 3.0.0
+    RSA* rsa_cipher::_read_private_key_from_bio(BIO* p_bio) {
+        resource_wrapper new_rsa
+            { resource_traits::openssl::rsa{}, PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey(p_bio, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr) };
+
+        if (new_rsa.is_valid()) {
+            return new_rsa.transfer();
+        } else {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey failed.")
+                .push_hint(u8"Are you sure that you DO provide a valid RSA private key file?");
+        }
+    }
+
+    RSA* rsa_cipher::_read_public_key_pem_from_bio(BIO* p_bio) {
+        resource_wrapper new_rsa
+            { resource_traits::openssl::rsa{}, PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(p_bio, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr) };
+
+        if (new_rsa.is_valid()) {
+            return new_rsa.transfer();
+        } else {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY failed.")
+                .push_hint(u8"Are you sure that you DO provide a valid RSA public key file with PEM format?");
+        }
+    }
+
+    RSA* rsa_cipher::_read_public_key_pkcs1_from_bio(BIO* p_bio) {
+        resource_wrapper new_rsa
+            { resource_traits::openssl::rsa{}, PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey(p_bio, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr) };
+
+        if (new_rsa.is_valid()) {
+            return new_rsa.transfer();
+        } else {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey failed.")
+                .push_hint(u8"Are you sure that you DO provide a valid RSA public key file with PKCS1 format?");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::_write_private_key_to_bio(RSA* p_rsa, BIO* p_bio) {
+        auto r = PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(p_bio, p_rsa, nullptr, nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+        if (r == 0) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey failed.");
+        };
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::_write_public_key_pem_to_bio(RSA* p_rsa, BIO* p_bio) {
+        auto r = PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(p_bio, p_rsa);
+        if (r == 0) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::_write_public_key_pkcs1_to_bio(RSA* p_rsa, BIO* p_bio) {
+        auto r = PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey(p_bio, p_rsa);
+        if (r == 0) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey failed.");
+        }
+    }
+#elif (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) == 0x30000000               // for openssl 3.x.x
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    EVP_PKEY* rsa_cipher::_read_private_key_from_bio(BIO* p_bio) {
+        resource_wrapper new_rsa{ resource_traits::openssl::evp_pkey{} };
+
+        resource_wrapper decoder_context
+            { resource_traits::openssl::decoder_ctx{}, OSSL_DECODER_CTX_new_for_pkey(new_rsa.unsafe_addressof(), "PEM", "pkcs1", "RSA", OSSL_KEYMGMT_SELECT_PRIVATE_KEY, nullptr, nullptr) };
+
+        if (!decoder_context.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_DECODER_CTX_new_for_pkey failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (!OSSL_DECODER_from_bio(decoder_context.get(), p_bio)) {     // 1 on success, 0 on failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_DECODER_from_bio failed.");
+        }
+
+        return new_rsa.transfer();
+}
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    EVP_PKEY* rsa_cipher::_read_public_key_pem_from_bio(BIO* p_bio) {
+        resource_wrapper new_rsa{ resource_traits::openssl::evp_pkey{} };
+
+        resource_wrapper decoder_context
+            { resource_traits::openssl::decoder_ctx{}, OSSL_DECODER_CTX_new_for_pkey(new_rsa.unsafe_addressof(), "PEM", "SubjectPublicKeyInfo", "RSA", OSSL_KEYMGMT_SELECT_PUBLIC_KEY, nullptr, nullptr) };
+
+        if (!decoder_context.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_DECODER_CTX_new_for_pkey failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (!OSSL_DECODER_from_bio(decoder_context.get(), p_bio)) {     // 1 on success, 0 on failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_DECODER_from_bio failed.");
+        }
+
+        return new_rsa.transfer();
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    EVP_PKEY* rsa_cipher::_read_public_key_pkcs1_from_bio(BIO* p_bio) {
+        resource_wrapper new_rsa{ resource_traits::openssl::evp_pkey{} };
+
+        resource_wrapper decoder_context
+            { resource_traits::openssl::decoder_ctx{}, OSSL_DECODER_CTX_new_for_pkey(new_rsa.unsafe_addressof(), "PEM", "pkcs1", "RSA", OSSL_KEYMGMT_SELECT_PUBLIC_KEY, nullptr, nullptr) };
+
+        if (!decoder_context.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_DECODER_CTX_new_for_pkey failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (!OSSL_DECODER_from_bio(decoder_context.get(), p_bio)) {     // 1 on success, 0 on failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_DECODER_from_bio failed.");
+        }
+
+        return new_rsa.transfer();
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::_write_private_key_to_bio(EVP_PKEY* p_rsa, BIO* p_bio) {
+        resource_wrapper encoder_context
+            { resource_traits::openssl::encoder_ctx{}, OSSL_ENCODER_CTX_new_for_pkey(p_rsa, OSSL_KEYMGMT_SELECT_PRIVATE_KEY, "PEM", "pkcs1", nullptr) };
+
+        if (!encoder_context.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_ENCODER_CTX_new_for_pkey failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (!OSSL_ENCODER_to_bio(encoder_context.get(), p_bio)) {   // 1 on success, 0 on failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_ENCODER_to_bio failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::_write_public_key_pem_to_bio(EVP_PKEY* p_rsa, BIO* p_bio) {
+        resource_wrapper encoder_context
+            { resource_traits::openssl::encoder_ctx{}, OSSL_ENCODER_CTX_new_for_pkey(p_rsa, OSSL_KEYMGMT_SELECT_PUBLIC_KEY, "PEM", "SubjectPublicKeyInfo", nullptr) };
+
+        if (!encoder_context.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_ENCODER_CTX_new_for_pkey failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (!OSSL_ENCODER_to_bio(encoder_context.get(), p_bio)) {   // 1 on success, 0 on failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_ENCODER_to_bio failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::_write_public_key_pkcs1_to_bio(EVP_PKEY* p_rsa, BIO* p_bio) {
+        resource_wrapper encoder_context
+            { resource_traits::openssl::encoder_ctx{}, OSSL_ENCODER_CTX_new_for_pkey(p_rsa, OSSL_KEYMGMT_SELECT_PUBLIC_KEY, "PEM", "pkcs1", nullptr) };
+
+        if (!encoder_context.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_ENCODER_CTX_new_for_pkey failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (!OSSL_ENCODER_to_bio(encoder_context.get(), p_bio)) {   // 1 on success, 0 on failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_ENCODER_to_bio failed.");
+        }
+    }
+#else
+#error "rsa_cipher.cpp: Unexpected OpenSSL version."
+#endif
+
+    rsa_cipher::rsa_cipher() = default;
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    size_t rsa_cipher::bits() const {
+        if (m_rsa.get()) {
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xfff00000) == 0x10000000         // openssl 1.0.x
+            return BN_num_bits(m_rsa->n);
+#elif (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xfff00000) == 0x10100000       // openssl 1.1.x
+            return RSA_bits(m_rsa.get());
+#elif (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) == 0x30000000       // openssl 3.x.x
+            return EVP_PKEY_get_bits(m_rsa.get());
+#else
+#error "rsa_cipher.cpp: uexpected OpenSSL version"
+#endif
+        } else {
+            throw no_key_assigned_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"RSA key has not been assigned yet.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::generate_key(int bits, unsigned int e) {
+        resource_wrapper bn_e{ resource_traits::openssl::bignum{}, BN_new() };
+
+        if (bn_e.is_valid() == false) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), ERR_get_error(), u8"BN_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (BN_set_word(bn_e.get(), e) == 0) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BN_set_word failed.");
+        }
+
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) < 0x30000000      // for openssl < 3.0.0
+        resource_wrapper new_rsa{ resource_traits::openssl::rsa{}, RSA_new() };
+        if (!new_rsa.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), ERR_get_error(), u8"RSA_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (RSA_generate_key_ex(new_rsa.get(), bits, bn_e.get(), nullptr) == 0) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), ERR_get_error(), u8"RSA_generate_key_ex failed.");
+        }
+
+        m_rsa = std::move(new_rsa);
+#elif (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) == 0x30000000               // for openssl 3.x.x
+        resource_wrapper evp_pkey_context{ resource_traits::openssl::evp_pkey_ctx{}, EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id(EVP_PKEY_RSA, nullptr) };
+        if (!evp_pkey_context.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_CTX_new_id failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_keygen_init(evp_pkey_context.get()) <= 0) {     // 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_keygen_init failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_keygen_bits(evp_pkey_context.get(), bits) <= 0) {   // return a positive value for success and 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_keygen_bits failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set1_rsa_keygen_pubexp(evp_pkey_context.get(), bn_e.get()) <= 0) {     // return a positive value for success and 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_CTX_set1_rsa_keygen_pubexp failed.");
+        }
+
+        resource_wrapper new_rsa{ resource_traits::openssl::evp_pkey{} };
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_keygen(evp_pkey_context.get(), new_rsa.unsafe_addressof()) <= 0) {   // 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_keygen failed.");
+        }
+
+        m_rsa = std::move(new_rsa);
+#else
+#error "rsa_cipher.cpp: Unexpected OpenSSL version."
+#endif
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::export_private_key_file(std::wstring_view file_path) const {
+        resource_wrapper bio_file
+            { resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new_file(cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(file_path).c_str(), "w")};
+
+        if (bio_file.is_valid()) {
+            _write_private_key_to_bio(m_rsa.get(), bio_file.get());
+        } else {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new_file failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::export_private_key_file(const std::filesystem::path& file_path) const {
+        export_private_key_file(static_cast<std::wstring_view>(file_path.native()));
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::export_public_key_file_pem(std::wstring_view file_path) const {
+        resource_wrapper bio_file
+            { resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new_file(cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(file_path).c_str(), "w")};
+
+        if (bio_file.is_valid()) {
+            _write_public_key_pem_to_bio(m_rsa.get(), bio_file.get());
+        } else {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new_file failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::export_public_key_file_pem(const std::filesystem::path& file_path) const {
+        export_public_key_file_pem(static_cast<std::wstring_view>(file_path.native()));
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::export_public_key_file_pkcs1(std::wstring_view file_path) const {
+        resource_wrapper bio_file
+            { resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new_file(cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(file_path).c_str(), "w")};
+
+        if (bio_file.is_valid()) {
+            _write_public_key_pkcs1_to_bio(m_rsa.get(), bio_file.get());
+        } else {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new_file failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::export_public_key_file_pkcs1(const std::filesystem::path& file_path) const {
+        export_public_key_file_pkcs1(static_cast<std::wstring_view>(file_path.native()));
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::import_private_key_file(std::wstring_view file_path) {
+        resource_wrapper bio_file
+            { resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new_file(cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(file_path).c_str(), "r") };
+
+        if (bio_file.is_valid()) {
+            m_rsa.set(_read_private_key_from_bio(bio_file.get()));
+        } else {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new_file failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::import_private_key_file(const std::filesystem::path& file_path) {
+        import_private_key_file(static_cast<std::wstring_view>(file_path.native()));
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::import_public_key_file_pem(std::wstring_view file_path) {
+        resource_wrapper bio_file
+            { resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new_file(cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(file_path).c_str(), "r") };
+
+        if (bio_file.is_valid()) {
+            m_rsa.set(_read_public_key_pem_from_bio(bio_file.get()));
+        } else {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new_file failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::import_public_key_file_pem(const std::filesystem::path& file_path) {
+        import_public_key_file_pem(static_cast<std::wstring_view>(file_path.native()));
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::import_public_key_file_pkcs1(std::wstring_view file_path) {
+        resource_wrapper bio_file
+            { resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new_file(cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(file_path).c_str(), "r") };
+
+        if (bio_file.is_valid()) {
+            m_rsa.set(_read_public_key_pkcs1_from_bio(bio_file.get()));
+        } else {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new_file failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::import_public_key_file_pkcs1(const std::filesystem::path& file_path) {
+        import_public_key_file_pkcs1(static_cast<std::wstring_view>(file_path.native()));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    std::string rsa_cipher::export_private_key_string() const {
+        resource_wrapper bio_memory{ resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()) };
+
+        if (bio_memory.is_valid()) {
+            _write_private_key_to_bio(m_rsa.get(), bio_memory.get());
+
+            const char* pch = nullptr;
+            long lch = BIO_get_mem_data(bio_memory.get(), &pch);
+
+            return std::string(pch, lch);
+        } else {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    std::string rsa_cipher::export_public_key_string_pem() const {
+        resource_wrapper bio_memory{ resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()) };
+
+        if (bio_memory.is_valid()) {
+            _write_public_key_pem_to_bio(m_rsa.get(), bio_memory.get());
+
+            const char* pch = nullptr;
+            long lch = BIO_get_mem_data(bio_memory.get(), &pch);
+
+            return std::string(pch, lch);
+        } else {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    std::string rsa_cipher::export_public_key_string_pkcs1() const {
+        resource_wrapper bio_memory{ resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()) };
+
+        if (bio_memory.is_valid()) {
+            _write_public_key_pkcs1_to_bio(m_rsa.get(), bio_memory.get());
+
+            const char* pch = nullptr;
+            long lch = BIO_get_mem_data(bio_memory.get(), &pch);
+
+            return std::string(pch, lch);
+        } else {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::import_private_key_string(std::string_view key_string) {
+        resource_wrapper bio_memory{ resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()) };
+
+        if (bio_memory.is_valid() == false) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (BIO_puts(bio_memory.get(), key_string.data()) <= 0) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_puts failed.");
+        }
+
+        m_rsa.set(_read_private_key_from_bio(bio_memory.get()));
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::import_public_key_string_pem(std::string_view key_string) {
+        resource_wrapper bio_memory{ resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()) };
+
+        if (bio_memory.is_valid() == false) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (BIO_puts(bio_memory.get(), key_string.data()) <= 0) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_puts failed.");
+        }
+
+        m_rsa.set(_read_public_key_pem_from_bio(bio_memory.get()));
+    }
+
+    void rsa_cipher::import_public_key_string_pkcs1(std::string_view key_string) {
+        resource_wrapper bio_memory{ resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()) };
+
+        if (bio_memory.is_valid() == false) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (BIO_puts(bio_memory.get(), key_string.data()) <= 0) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_puts failed.");
+        }
+
+        m_rsa.set(_read_public_key_pkcs1_from_bio(bio_memory.get()));
+    }
+
+    size_t rsa_cipher::public_encrypt(const void* plaintext, size_t plaintext_size, void* ciphertext, int padding) const {
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) < 0x30000000      // for openssl < 3.0.0
+        if (plaintext_size <= INT_MAX) {
+            int bytes_written = 
+                RSA_public_encrypt(static_cast<int>(plaintext_size), reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(plaintext), reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(ciphertext), m_rsa.get(), padding);
+            
+            if (bytes_written != -1) {
+                return bytes_written;
+            } else {
+                throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), ERR_get_error(), u8"RSA_public_encrypt failed.");
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw exceptions::overflow_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"plaintext_size > INT_MAX");
+        }
+#elif (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) == 0x30000000   // for openssl 3.x.x
+        resource_wrapper evp_pkey_context{ resource_traits::openssl::evp_pkey_ctx{}, EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(m_rsa.get(), nullptr) };
+        if (!evp_pkey_context.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_CTX_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_encrypt_init(evp_pkey_context.get()) <= 0) {    // return 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_encrypt_init failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(evp_pkey_context.get(), padding) <= 0) {   // return a positive value for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding failed.");
+        }
+
+        size_t ciphertext_size = 0;
+        if (EVP_PKEY_encrypt(evp_pkey_context.get(), nullptr, &ciphertext_size, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(plaintext), plaintext_size) <= 0) {   // return 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_encrypt failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_encrypt(evp_pkey_context.get(), reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(ciphertext), &ciphertext_size, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(plaintext), plaintext_size) <= 0) {   // return 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_encrypt failed.");
+        }
+
+        return ciphertext_size;
+#else
+#error "rsa_cipher.cpp: Unexpected OpenSSL version."
+#endif
+    }
+
+    size_t rsa_cipher::private_encrypt(const void* plaintext, size_t plaintext_size, void* ciphertext, int padding) const {
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) < 0x30000000      // for openssl < 3.0.0
+        if (plaintext_size <= INT_MAX) {
+            int bytes_written = 
+                RSA_private_encrypt(static_cast<int>(plaintext_size), reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(plaintext), reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(ciphertext), m_rsa.get(), padding);
+            
+            if (bytes_written != -1) {
+                return bytes_written;
+            } else {
+                throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), ERR_get_error(), u8"RSA_public_encrypt failed.");
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw exceptions::overflow_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"plaintext_size > INT_MAX");
+        }
+#elif (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) == 0x30000000   // for openssl 3.x.x
+        resource_wrapper evp_pkey_context{ resource_traits::openssl::evp_pkey_ctx{}, EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(m_rsa.get(), nullptr) };
+        if (!evp_pkey_context.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_CTX_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_sign_init(evp_pkey_context.get()) <= 0) {    // return 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_sign_init failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(evp_pkey_context.get(), padding) <= 0) {   // return a positive value for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding failed.");
+        }
+
+        size_t ciphertext_size = 0;
+        if (EVP_PKEY_sign(evp_pkey_context.get(), nullptr, &ciphertext_size, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(plaintext), plaintext_size) <= 0) {   // return 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_sign failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_sign(evp_pkey_context.get(), reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(ciphertext), &ciphertext_size, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(plaintext), plaintext_size) <= 0) {   // return 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_sign failed.");
+        }
+
+        return ciphertext_size;
+#else
+#error "rsa_cipher.cpp: Unexpected OpenSSL version."
+#endif
+    }
+
+    size_t rsa_cipher::public_decrypt(const void* ciphertext, size_t ciphertext_size, void* plaintext, int padding) const {
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) < 0x30000000      // for openssl < 3.0.0
+        if (ciphertext_size <= INT_MAX) {
+            int bytes_written =
+                RSA_public_decrypt(static_cast<int>(ciphertext_size), reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(ciphertext), reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(plaintext), m_rsa.get(), padding);
+
+            if (bytes_written != -1) {
+                return bytes_written;
+            } else {
+                throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), ERR_get_error(), u8"RSA_public_decrypt failed.")
+                    .push_hint(u8"Are your sure you DO provide a correct public key?");
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw exceptions::overflow_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"ciphertext_size > INT_MAX");
+        }
+#elif (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) == 0x30000000   // for openssl 3.x.x
+        resource_wrapper evp_pkey_context{ resource_traits::openssl::evp_pkey_ctx{}, EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(m_rsa.get(), nullptr) };
+        if (!evp_pkey_context.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_CTX_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_verify_recover_init(evp_pkey_context.get())) {     // return 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_verify_recover_init failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(evp_pkey_context.get(), padding) <= 0) {   // return a positive value for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding failed.");
+        }
+
+        size_t plaintext_size = 0;
+        if (EVP_PKEY_verify_recover(evp_pkey_context.get(), nullptr, &plaintext_size, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(ciphertext), ciphertext_size) <= 0) {   // return 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_verify_recover failed.")
+                .push_hint(u8"Are your sure you DO provide a correct public key?");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_verify_recover(evp_pkey_context.get(), reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(plaintext), &plaintext_size, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(ciphertext), ciphertext_size) <= 0) {   // return 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_verify_recover failed.");
+        }
+
+        return plaintext_size;
+#else
+#error "rsa_cipher.cpp: Unexpected OpenSSL version."
+#endif
+    }
+
+    size_t rsa_cipher::private_decrypt(const void* ciphertext, size_t ciphertext_size, void* plaintext, int padding) const {
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) < 0x30000000      // for openssl < 3.0.0
+        if (ciphertext_size <= INT_MAX) {
+            int bytes_written =
+                RSA_private_decrypt(static_cast<int>(ciphertext_size), reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(ciphertext), reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(plaintext), m_rsa.get(), padding);
+
+            if (bytes_written != -1) {
+                return bytes_written;
+            } else {
+                throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), ERR_get_error(), u8"RSA_public_decrypt failed.")
+                    .push_hint(u8"Are your sure you DO provide a correct private key?");
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw exceptions::overflow_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"ciphertext_size > INT_MAX");
+        }
+#elif (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) == 0x30000000   // for openssl 3.x.x
+        resource_wrapper evp_pkey_context{ resource_traits::openssl::evp_pkey_ctx{}, EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(m_rsa.get(), nullptr) };
+        if (!evp_pkey_context.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_CTX_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_decrypt_init(evp_pkey_context.get()) <= 0) {    // return 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_decrypt_init failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(evp_pkey_context.get(), padding) <= 0) {   // return a positive value for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding failed.");
+        }
+
+        size_t plaintext_size = 0;
+        if (EVP_PKEY_decrypt(evp_pkey_context.get(), nullptr, &plaintext_size, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(ciphertext), ciphertext_size) <= 0) {   // return 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_decrypt failed.")
+                .push_hint(u8"Are your sure you DO provide a correct private key?");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_PKEY_decrypt(evp_pkey_context.get(), reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(plaintext), &plaintext_size, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(ciphertext), ciphertext_size) <= 0) {   // return 1 for success, 0 or a negative value for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_PKEY_decrypt failed.");
+        }
+
+        return plaintext_size;
+#else
+#error "rsa_cipher.cpp: Unexpected OpenSSL version."
+#endif
+    }
+
+    rsa_cipher::backend_error::backend_error(std::string_view file, int line, std::string_view message) noexcept:
+        ::nkg::exception::exception(file, line, message), m_error_code(0) {}
+
+    rsa_cipher::backend_error::backend_error(std::string_view file, int line, error_code_t openssl_errno, std::string_view message) noexcept:
+        ::nkg::exception::exception(file, line, message), m_error_code(openssl_errno)
+    {
+        static std::once_flag onceflag_load_crypto_strings;
+        std::call_once(onceflag_load_crypto_strings, []() { ERR_load_crypto_strings(); });
+
+        m_error_string = ERR_reason_error_string(m_error_code);
+    }
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
--- a/common/rsa_cipher.hpp
+++ b/common/rsa_cipher.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <string>
+#include <filesystem>
+
+#include <openssl/err.h>
+#include <openssl/rsa.h>
+
+#include "resource_wrapper.hpp"
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) < 0x30000000      // for openssl < 3.0.0
+#include "resource_traits/openssl/rsa.hpp"
+#elif (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) == 0x30000000   // for openssl 3.x.x
+#include "resource_traits/openssl/evp_pkey_ctx.hpp"
+#include "resource_traits/openssl/evp_pkey.hpp"
+#else
+#error "rsa_cipher.hpp: Unexpected OpenSSL version."
+#endif
+
+#include "exception.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\common\\rsa_cipher.hpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    class rsa_cipher {
+    public:
+        class backend_error;
+        class no_key_assigned_error;
+
+    private:
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) < 0x30000000                  // for openssl < 3.0.0
+        resource_wrapper<resource_traits::openssl::rsa> m_rsa;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static RSA* _read_private_key_from_bio(BIO* p_bio);
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static RSA* _read_public_key_pem_from_bio(BIO* p_bio);
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static RSA* _read_public_key_pkcs1_from_bio(BIO* p_bio);
+
+        static void _write_private_key_to_bio(RSA* p_rsa, BIO* p_bio);
+
+        static void _write_public_key_pem_to_bio(RSA* p_rsa, BIO* p_bio);
+
+        static void _write_public_key_pkcs1_to_bio(RSA* p_rsa, BIO* p_bio);
+#elif (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) == 0x30000000               // for openssl 3.x.x
+        resource_wrapper<resource_traits::openssl::evp_pkey> m_rsa;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static EVP_PKEY* _read_private_key_from_bio(BIO* p_bio);
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static EVP_PKEY* _read_public_key_pem_from_bio(BIO* p_bio);
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static EVP_PKEY* _read_public_key_pkcs1_from_bio(BIO* p_bio);
+
+        static void _write_private_key_to_bio(EVP_PKEY* p_rsa, BIO* p_bio);
+
+        static void _write_public_key_pem_to_bio(EVP_PKEY* p_rsa, BIO* p_bio);
+
+        static void _write_public_key_pkcs1_to_bio(EVP_PKEY* p_rsa, BIO* p_bio);
+#else
+#error "rsa_cipher.hpp: Unexpected OpenSSL version."
+#endif
+
+    public:
+        rsa_cipher();
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        size_t bits() const;
+
+        void generate_key(int bits, unsigned int e = RSA_F4);
+
+        void export_private_key_file(std::wstring_view file_path) const;
+
+        void export_private_key_file(const std::filesystem::path& file_path) const;
+
+        void export_public_key_file_pem(std::wstring_view file_path) const;
+
+        void export_public_key_file_pem(const std::filesystem::path& file_path) const;
+
+        void export_public_key_file_pkcs1(std::wstring_view file_path) const;
+
+        void export_public_key_file_pkcs1(const std::filesystem::path& file_path) const;
+
+        void import_private_key_file(std::wstring_view file_path);
+
+        void import_private_key_file(const std::filesystem::path& file_path);
+
+        void import_public_key_file_pem(std::wstring_view file_path);
+
+        void import_public_key_file_pem(const std::filesystem::path& file_path);
+
+        void import_public_key_file_pkcs1(std::wstring_view file_path);
+
+        void import_public_key_file_pkcs1(const std::filesystem::path& file_path);
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        std::string export_private_key_string() const;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        std::string export_public_key_string_pem() const;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        std::string export_public_key_string_pkcs1() const;
+
+        void import_private_key_string(std::string_view key_string);
+
+        void import_public_key_string_pem(std::string_view key_string);
+
+        void import_public_key_string_pkcs1(std::string_view key_string);
+
+        size_t public_encrypt(const void* plaintext, size_t plaintext_size, void* ciphertext, int padding) const;
+
+        size_t private_encrypt(const void* plaintext, size_t plaintext_size, void* ciphertext, int padding) const;
+
+        size_t public_decrypt(const void* ciphertext, size_t ciphertext_size, void* plaintext, int padding) const;
+
+        size_t private_decrypt(const void* ciphertext, size_t ciphertext_size, void* plaintext, int padding) const;
+    };
+
+    class rsa_cipher::backend_error : public ::nkg::exception {
+    public:
+        using error_code_t = decltype(ERR_get_error());
+
+    private:
+        error_code_t m_error_code;
+        std::string m_error_string;
+
+    public:
+        backend_error(std::string_view file, int line, std::string_view message) noexcept;
+
+        backend_error(std::string_view file, int line, error_code_t openssl_errno, std::string_view message) noexcept;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        virtual bool error_code_exists() const noexcept override {
+            return m_error_code != 0;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        virtual intptr_t error_code() const noexcept override {
+            if (error_code_exists()) { return m_error_code; } else { trap_then_terminate(); }
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        virtual const std::string& error_string() const noexcept override {
+            if (error_code_exists()) { return m_error_string; } else { trap_then_terminate(); }
+        }
+    };
+
+    class rsa_cipher::no_key_assigned_error : public ::nkg::exception {
+        using ::nkg::exception::exception;
+    };
+
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
--- a/doc/how-does-it-work.md
+++ b/doc/how-does-it-work.md
@ -281,3 +281,4 @@
   4. Encode the 256-byte-long data by Base64. The result is __Activation Code__.

   5. After user input __Activation Code__, offline activation is done successfully.
+
--- a/doc/how-does-it-work.zh-CN.md
+++ b/doc/how-does-it-work.zh-CN.md
@ -279,3 +279,4 @@
     4. 用Base64编码这256字节的密文，就可以得到 __激活码__。

     5. 在Navicat软件中填入 __激活码__ 即可完成离线激活。
+
--- a/doc/how-to-build.md
+++ b/doc/how-to-build.md
@ -1,47 +1,60 @@
-# Navicat Keygen - How to build?
+# navicat-keygen for windows - How to build?

 [中文版](how-to-build.zh-CN.md)

 ## 1. Prerequisites

-1. Please make sure you have installed following libraries:
+1. Please make sure that you have __Visual Studio 2022__ or the higher. Because this is a VS2022 project.

-   * `capstone`
-   * `keystone`
-   * `rapidjson`
-   * `openssl`
+2. Please make sure you have installed `vcpkg` and the following libraries:

-   If you use Ubuntu, you can install them by:
+   * `fmt:x64-windows-static`
+   * `fmt:x86-windows-static`
+   * `openssl:x64-windows-static`
+   * `openssl:x86-windows-static`
+   * `rapidjson:x64-windows-static`
+   * `rapidjson:x86-windows-static`
+   * `keystone:x64-windows-static`
+   * `keystone:x86-windows-static`
+   * `unicorn:x64-windows-static`
+   * `unicorn:x86-windows-static`
+
+   is installed.
+
+   You can install them by:

   ```console
-   # install capstone
-   $ sudo apt-get install libcapstone-dev
-
-   # install keystone
-   $ sudo apt-get install cmake
-   $ git clone https://github.com/keystone-engine/keystone.git
-   $ cd keystone
-   $ mkdir build
-   $ cd build
-   $ ../make-share.sh
-   $ sudo make install
-   $ sudo ldconfig
-
-   # install rapidjson
-   $ sudo apt-get install rapidjson-dev
-   
-   # install openssl
-   $ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
+   $ vcpkg install fmt:x64-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install fmt:x86-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install openssl:x64-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install openssl:x86-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install rapidjson:x64-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install rapidjson:x86-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install keystone:x64-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install keystone:x86-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install unicorn:x64-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install unicorn:x86-windows-static
   ```

-2. Your gcc supports C++17 feature.
+3. Your `vcpkg` has been integrated into your __Visual Studio__, which means you have run 
+
+   ```console
+   $ vcpkg integrate install
+   ```
+
+   successfully.

 ## 2. Build

-```console
-$ git clone -b linux --single-branch https://github.com/DoubleLabyrinth/navicat-keygen.git
-$ cd navicat-keygen
-$ make all
-```
+1. Open this project in __Visual Studio__.
+
+2. Select `Release` configuration. 
+
+3. Select `Win32` to build keygen/patcher for 32-bits Navicat.
+
+   Or select `x64` to build keygen/patcher for 64-bits Navicat.
+
+4. Select __Build > Build Solution__.

 You will see executable files in `bin/` directory. 
+
--- a/doc/how-to-build.zh-CN.md
+++ b/doc/how-to-build.zh-CN.md
@ -1,45 +1,54 @@
-# Navicat Keygen - 如何编译？
+# navicat-keygen for windows - 如何编译？

 ## 1. 前提条件

-1. 请确保你安装了下面几个库：
+1. 请确保你有 __Visual Studio 2022__ 或者更高版本。因为这是一个VS2022项目。

-   * `capstone`
-   * `keystone`
-   * `rapidjson`
-   * `openssl`
+2. 请确保你安装了 `vcpkg` 以及下面几个库：
+
+   * `fmt:x64-windows-static`
+   * `fmt:x86-windows-static`
+   * `openssl:x64-windows-static`
+   * `openssl:x86-windows-static`
+   * `rapidjson:x64-windows-static`
+   * `rapidjson:x86-windows-static`
+   * `keystone:x64-windows-static`
+   * `keystone:x86-windows-static`
+   * `unicorn:x64-windows-static`
+   * `unicorn:x86-windows-static`

   你可以通过下面的命令来安装它们：

   ```console
-   # install capstone
-   $ sudo apt-get install libcapstone-dev
-
-   # install keystone
-   $ sudo apt-get install cmake
-   $ git clone https://github.com/keystone-engine/keystone.git
-   $ cd keystone
-   $ mkdir build
-   $ cd build
-   $ ../make-share.sh
-   $ sudo make install
-   $ sudo ldconfig
-
-   # install rapidjson
-   $ sudo apt-get install rapidjson-dev
-
-   # install openssl
-   $ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
+   $ vcpkg install fmt:x64-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install fmt:x86-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install openssl:x64-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install openssl:x86-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install rapidjson:x64-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install rapidjson:x86-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install keystone:x64-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install keystone:x86-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install unicorn:x64-windows-static
+   $ vcpkg install unicorn:x86-windows-static
   ```

-2. 你的gcc支持C++17特性。 
+3. 你的 `vcpkg` 已经和你的 __Visual Studio__ 集成了，即你曾成功运行了：
+
+   ```console
+   $ vcpkg integrate install
+   ```

 ## 2. 编译

-```console
-$ git clone -b linux --single-branch https://github.com/DoubleLabyrinth/navicat-keygen.git
-$ cd navicat-keygen
-$ make all
-```
+1. 在 __Visual Studio__ 打开这个项目。
+
+2. 选择 `Release` 配置。
+
+3. 选择 `Win32` 来生成供32位Navicat使用的keygen/patcher。
+
+   或者选择 `x64` 来生成供64位Navicat使用的keygen/patcher。
+
+4. 选择 __生成 > 生成解决方案__。

 生成完成后，你会在 `bin/` 文件夹下看到编译后的keygen/patcher。
+
--- a/doc/how-to-use.md
+++ b/doc/how-to-use.md
@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+# navicat-keygen for windows - How to use?
+
+[中文版](how-to-use.windows.zh-CN.md)
+
+1. Use `navicat-patcher.exe` to replace __Navicat Activation Public Key__ that is stored in `libcc.dll`.
+   
+   ```
+   navicat-patcher.exe [-dry-run] <Navicat Install Path> [RSA-2048 PEM File Path]
+   ```
+
+   * `[-dry-run]` Run patcher without applying any patches.
+
+     __This parameter is optional.__ 
+
+   * `<Navicat Install Path>`: The full path to Navicat installation folder. 
+     
+     __This parameter must be specified.__
+
+   * `[RSA-2048 PEM File Path]`: The full path or relative path to a RSA-2048 private key file. 
+     
+     __This parameter is optional.__ If not specified, `navicat-patcher.exe` will generate a new RSA-2048 private key file `RegPrivateKey.pem` at current directory.
+
+   __Example: (in cmd.exe)__ 
+
+   ```
+   navicat-patcher.exe "C:\Program Files\PremiumSoft\Navicat Premium 16"
+   ```
+   
+   It has been tested on __Navicat Premium 16.0.7 English version__. The following is an example of output.
+
+   ```
+   ***************************************************
+   *       navicat-patcher by @DoubleLabyrinth       *
+   *               version: 16.0.7.0                 *
+   ***************************************************
+
+   [+] Try to open libcc.dll ... OK!
+
+   [*] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_vtable = 0x00000001837759f0
+   [*] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_GenerateRegistrationKey = 0x0000000181fa52d0
+   [*] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: m_va_iat_entry_malloc = 0x0000000183439bd0
+   [+] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: official encoded key is found.
+
+   [*] Generating new RSA private key, it may take a long time...
+   [*] Your RSA private key:
+   -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+   MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEAvxaFFjTE6hi80nhjgfFMM3yPer122OIWIbbumFIuAOcCF6D3
+   PnRHBdP9IqB99K6Nv6vKK3Jf0Y+dc5ETrg0l0AHYq+dTFTiWusHuRMx6xFjWzO96
+   7mFmJq6P28dUucKnr6yG1TQeZaq+mHh2DNEnNEYgV7cLVT1unUmMOL/PBh/eCcaJ
+   8hQNTQafQQknzCnAKC89v33y+rKInJNy9B+zSB0BGCz+eS8MKf6zc78JMSOnF2uj
+   NK+QEwaYw8lAbJve1F+rCQS0mbm0QvHhZYZrblVHI5l/8LkX5qBtKw7duUhXHxmO
+   fQieF23bBk9HDp5uQUGsdbKX6ZWitn/h926xyQIDAQABAoIBAQCHXxDRdni5zuSV
+   xivYdnUhVHDg5zA23ZQINmw5BJ8KjJzy2FnPqNhXzKJb0Y7ptG8/BhinRtOSxkcp
+   A/IJL89F2MkCn1JAimJd091UZ/fg+X7SmCVikyWm6auIa2IeZ0QcNAEhMVcHdzqn
+   EU+wLMu1QKjQ+x/QN0ERtHTeDyQ+lUNB+bvAjx3LHN9Zh8weVBHHtwDoyyZDdJPw
+   NWgpgcW+uYzlT66uh7LPPaRsEZgAkPIkhzZnwmugXdhlWxtYHKTEfe5gCqubQICc
+   I/x1yBP1EZFm6qBQD4/49775ZbXwxgaWvBXG+Aah9x8JYtVUS4MgrAiC4a8NQqFp
+   nwKVjUIBAoGBAOWsj9GGb2KYbfLzJNRrSxhs4TUBfpHteKSm2pL92NAbIOjssNhL
+   hLY3gBFX2RnYmoGD6YT84JNykuAictgAd5GwvLIbaVF9l7MQn8APRbe2CzQ+/494
+   9hpn33MZOBNd3I+a5+2qoFbXI04loyYDJkkeOqbwZzJjs7k9HmZMNwY5AoGBANT9
+   tRFWFDvA0pPgGoHhzlsAUAmrbSfCPkhrRXpE9fgl3VnV+NRtjCf9NhJt0uaIokZ5
+   oSf+jClcwU8N4EvGxMBaCHTqBzgc4dLPWpMAhPoMjjv1Oyug2iBcuTasHVP+Jdgq
+   CaNzpXOuq4upaaNrq+QMsI6O9wA/zWhWPmnYQYgRAoGAUk56471noU+65zvXUQB6
+   UvCB7Hrynt0ZRPg+kDrEPh/atV5NKdY2Yw6UqKJwvOBwzkU1pGDzIiQHGqd9vIa+
+   Usmhdbp5DakSeitU9IEEnQdyEHEbKJFSsLfUzeyVuesDJbt/rh5dg4Fpt5GpW+/5
+   Am8A2d6BPP+Z4qJSiJp7hZECgYEAy64TCZEXqEytE1yr/KjDfaK+54BX0j2e8gIj
+   XtmznqoXE2Hboslfzp4Gp3j+xhbDmEGYK3bw8l0RP1g1tkFOxeNTUvq6DJ8SFVbV
+   dt54S+bV3eCVxRL9hRUmyXGuWjQgXKdWsEhXYFkZE2Xe77h3mI3KCYoOCt74v146
+   MV3szQECgYEAozTO7Wuum+VMKIY35hmHMjUiYmLl3EXWwMBT2VSsk8Siu0XoH0yd
+   KoxsLDUBMS8sWKCZhFwU+Fx8UZjfo+xE3H4UTyVsw5EDpB9gSud928gNADwxTKor
+   3s4jnUzb4XRQ0qN2jXzdNuqXNV1ozeqajbM2oSZqbSnWSs5g6DpIs1Q=
+   -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+
+   [*] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: Patch has been done.
+   [*] New RSA-2048 private key has been saved to
+       C:\Users\DoubleSine\source\repos\navicat-keygen\bin\x64-Release\RegPrivateKey.pem
+
+
+   *******************************************************
+   *           PATCH HAS BEEN DONE SUCCESSFULLY!         *
+   *                  HAVE FUN AND ENJOY~                *
+   *******************************************************
+   ```
+
+2. Then use `navicat-keygen.exe` to generate __snKey__ and __Activation Code__
+
+   ```
+   navicat-keygen.exe <-bin|-text> [-adv] <RSA-2048 Private Key File>
+   ```
+
+   * `<-bin|-text>`: Must be `-bin` or `-text`. 
+  
+     If `-bin` is specified, `navicat-keygen.exe` will finally generate `license_file`. It is used for Navicat old activation method only.
+
+     If `-text` is specified, `navicat-keygen.exe` will finally generate a Base64-style string which is __Activation Code__. It is used for Navicat new activation method. 
+
+     __This parameter must be specified.__
+
+   * `[-adv]`: Enable advanced mode.
+
+     __This parameter is optional.__ If specified, `navicat-keygen.exe` will ask you input Navicat product ID number, language signature numbers. It is for future use generally.
+
+   * `<RSA-2048 Private Key File>`: The full path or relative path to an RSA-2048 private key file. The private key must be in PEM format.
+     
+     __This parameter must be specified.__
+
+   __Example: (in cmd.exe)__
+
+   ```console
+   navicat-keygen.exe -text .\RegPrivateKey.pem
+   ```
+
+   You will be asked to select Navicat product, language and input major version number. After that an randomly generated __snKey__ will be given.
+
+   ```
+   ***************************************************
+   *       navicat-keygen by @DoubleLabyrinth        *
+   *                version: 16.0.7.0                *
+   ***************************************************
+
+   [*] Select Navicat product:
+   0. DataModeler
+   1. Premium
+   2. MySQL
+   3. PostgreSQL
+   4. Oracle
+   5. SQLServer
+   6. SQLite
+   7. MariaDB
+   8. MongoDB
+   9. ReportViewer
+
+   (Input index)> 1
+
+   [*] Select product language:
+   0. English
+   1. Simplified Chinese
+   2. Traditional Chinese
+   3. Japanese
+   4. Polish
+   5. Spanish
+   6. French
+   7. German
+   8. Korean
+   9. Russian
+   10. Portuguese
+
+   (Input index)> 0
+
+   [*] Input major version number:
+   (range: 11 ~ 16, default: 16)> 16
+
+   [*] Serial number:
+   NAVL-GFKA-T5SR-ZFTK
+
+   [*] Your name:
+   ```
+
+   You can use this __snKey__ to activate your Navicat preliminarily.
+     
+   Then you will be asked to input `Your name` and `Your organization`. Just set them whatever you want, but not too long.
+
+   ```
+   [*] Your name: Double Sine
+   [*] Your organization: PremiumSoft CyberTech Ltd.
+
+   [*] Input request code (in Base64), input empty line to end:
+   ```
+     
+   After that, you will be asked to input the request code. Now __DO NOT CLOSE KEYGEN__.
+
+3. __Disconnect your network__ and open Navicat. Find and click `Registration`. Fill `Registration Key` by __snKey__ that the keygen gave and click `Activate`.
+
+4. Generally online activation will failed and Navicat will ask you do `Manual Activation`, just choose it.
+
+5. Copy your request code and paste it in the keygen. Input empty line to tell the keygen that your input ends.
+
+   ```
+   [*] Your name: Double Sine
+   [*] Your organization: PremiumSoft CyberTech Ltd.
+
+   [*] Input request code (in Base64), input empty line to end:
+   CpgnfbIJGmAcxCuo/pAb8EeoS0audZn2NNemg6c3NPK/dWgb343IZQrFwoBZY6lpxE4Fq1BoNmCM75P03XpiXQ+hErcvFWk6iQPDCk/d4msf/AoprIqAMpXFoFLkeP0G93UIIEeBsUej8SrxdDgQDM585iPok5fUW+fTDCD1VICr7DBdL3c/69IxeIgiOQSuImdIQiM3/EOfDiFbAJL9vHW5LxFT8jj+8RPXehwPTBphpInmGdzxVZUZJwAGlXt7orrRbzafdeBjz6MnTajTcJP3SS2dBCiR33UScnyxYGEXdzv7+QLScTmCvI7gqg3Z8DMhroKMoHmy1AvC16FKVw==
+
+   [*] Request Info:
+   {"K":"NAVLGFKAT5SRZFTK", "DI":"7D48FCBD093C778879A1", "P":"WIN"}
+
+   [*] Response Info:
+   {"K":"NAVLGFKAT5SRZFTK","DI":"7D48FCBD093C778879A1","N":"Double Sine","O":"PremiumSoft CyberTech Ltd.","T":1644387294}
+
+   [*] Activation Code:
+   vwLGmQIWg/DtzHMcaKCDHAjTcBNbTo2VmNllphUSUMgGjgvL6v82ue+GqXB6M/qn48Rj4D4Joqqisr6UwMSclNmQxOQz4RftEpLtG6KBjDo4LM71qn9R/jWoZV5EoHPQkX5gzhO/D7GammrRGn2MV+zI6dJ4c4SBFNnNyjAeEqNzinrQwjB7lUVTlpHEe/SMrdCsGliPZQ/X+5ASbEsq3D8PZsjysJv98MIJrZvdTdznrRe8JzYP+8sbIPQMIX1UDmdyDpbpSl45N92OhO4htz1kFjUEfnrwY0GMOhdYHv/PfMI7RiQzkRyY7pLvX7muJ4dkA+CmMmwew3gy3MWjig==
+   ```
+
+6. Finally, you will get __Activation Code__ which looks like a Base64 string. Just copy it and paste it in Navicat `Manual Activation` window, then click `Activate`. If nothing wrong, activation should be done successfully.
+
--- a/doc/how-to-use.zh-CN.md
+++ b/doc/how-to-use.zh-CN.md
@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+# navicat-keygen for windows - 如何使用这个注册机？
+
+1. 使用`navicat-patcher.exe`替换掉`navicat.exe`和`libcc.dll`里的Navicat激活公钥。 
+
+   ```
+   navicat-patcher.exe [-dry-run] <Navicat Install Path> [RSA-2048 PEM File Path]
+   ```
+
+   * `[-dry-run]`: 运行patcher但不对Navicat程序做任何修改。
+
+     __这个参数是可选的。__
+
+   * `<Navicat Install Path>`: Navicat的完整安装路径。 
+     
+     __这个参数必须指定。__
+
+   * `[RSA-2048 PEM File Path]`: RSA-2048私钥文件的完整路径或相对路径。
+     
+     __这个参数是可选的。__ 如果未指定，`navicat-patcher.exe`将会在当前目录生成一个新的RSA-2048私钥文件。
+
+   __例如：(在cmd.exe中)__ 
+
+   ```
+   navicat-patcher.exe "C:\Program Files\PremiumSoft\Navicat Premium 16"
+   ```
+   
+   __Navicat Premium 16.0.7 英文版__ 已通过测试。下面将是一份样例输出：
+
+   ```
+   ***************************************************
+   *       navicat-patcher by @DoubleLabyrinth       *
+   *               version: 16.0.7.0                 *
+   ***************************************************
+
+   [+] Try to open libcc.dll ... OK!
+
+   [*] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_vtable = 0x00000001837759f0
+   [*] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_GenerateRegistrationKey = 0x0000000181fa52d0
+   [*] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: m_va_iat_entry_malloc = 0x0000000183439bd0
+   [+] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: official encoded key is found.
+
+   [*] Generating new RSA private key, it may take a long time...
+   [*] Your RSA private key:
+   -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+   MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEAvxaFFjTE6hi80nhjgfFMM3yPer122OIWIbbumFIuAOcCF6D3
+   PnRHBdP9IqB99K6Nv6vKK3Jf0Y+dc5ETrg0l0AHYq+dTFTiWusHuRMx6xFjWzO96
+   7mFmJq6P28dUucKnr6yG1TQeZaq+mHh2DNEnNEYgV7cLVT1unUmMOL/PBh/eCcaJ
+   8hQNTQafQQknzCnAKC89v33y+rKInJNy9B+zSB0BGCz+eS8MKf6zc78JMSOnF2uj
+   NK+QEwaYw8lAbJve1F+rCQS0mbm0QvHhZYZrblVHI5l/8LkX5qBtKw7duUhXHxmO
+   fQieF23bBk9HDp5uQUGsdbKX6ZWitn/h926xyQIDAQABAoIBAQCHXxDRdni5zuSV
+   xivYdnUhVHDg5zA23ZQINmw5BJ8KjJzy2FnPqNhXzKJb0Y7ptG8/BhinRtOSxkcp
+   A/IJL89F2MkCn1JAimJd091UZ/fg+X7SmCVikyWm6auIa2IeZ0QcNAEhMVcHdzqn
+   EU+wLMu1QKjQ+x/QN0ERtHTeDyQ+lUNB+bvAjx3LHN9Zh8weVBHHtwDoyyZDdJPw
+   NWgpgcW+uYzlT66uh7LPPaRsEZgAkPIkhzZnwmugXdhlWxtYHKTEfe5gCqubQICc
+   I/x1yBP1EZFm6qBQD4/49775ZbXwxgaWvBXG+Aah9x8JYtVUS4MgrAiC4a8NQqFp
+   nwKVjUIBAoGBAOWsj9GGb2KYbfLzJNRrSxhs4TUBfpHteKSm2pL92NAbIOjssNhL
+   hLY3gBFX2RnYmoGD6YT84JNykuAictgAd5GwvLIbaVF9l7MQn8APRbe2CzQ+/494
+   9hpn33MZOBNd3I+a5+2qoFbXI04loyYDJkkeOqbwZzJjs7k9HmZMNwY5AoGBANT9
+   tRFWFDvA0pPgGoHhzlsAUAmrbSfCPkhrRXpE9fgl3VnV+NRtjCf9NhJt0uaIokZ5
+   oSf+jClcwU8N4EvGxMBaCHTqBzgc4dLPWpMAhPoMjjv1Oyug2iBcuTasHVP+Jdgq
+   CaNzpXOuq4upaaNrq+QMsI6O9wA/zWhWPmnYQYgRAoGAUk56471noU+65zvXUQB6
+   UvCB7Hrynt0ZRPg+kDrEPh/atV5NKdY2Yw6UqKJwvOBwzkU1pGDzIiQHGqd9vIa+
+   Usmhdbp5DakSeitU9IEEnQdyEHEbKJFSsLfUzeyVuesDJbt/rh5dg4Fpt5GpW+/5
+   Am8A2d6BPP+Z4qJSiJp7hZECgYEAy64TCZEXqEytE1yr/KjDfaK+54BX0j2e8gIj
+   XtmznqoXE2Hboslfzp4Gp3j+xhbDmEGYK3bw8l0RP1g1tkFOxeNTUvq6DJ8SFVbV
+   dt54S+bV3eCVxRL9hRUmyXGuWjQgXKdWsEhXYFkZE2Xe77h3mI3KCYoOCt74v146
+   MV3szQECgYEAozTO7Wuum+VMKIY35hmHMjUiYmLl3EXWwMBT2VSsk8Siu0XoH0yd
+   KoxsLDUBMS8sWKCZhFwU+Fx8UZjfo+xE3H4UTyVsw5EDpB9gSud928gNADwxTKor
+   3s4jnUzb4XRQ0qN2jXzdNuqXNV1ozeqajbM2oSZqbSnWSs5g6DpIs1Q=
+   -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+
+   [*] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: Patch has been done.
+   [*] New RSA-2048 private key has been saved to
+       C:\Users\DoubleSine\source\repos\navicat-keygen\bin\x64-Release\RegPrivateKey.pem
+
+
+   *******************************************************
+   *           PATCH HAS BEEN DONE SUCCESSFULLY!         *
+   *                  HAVE FUN AND ENJOY~                *
+   *******************************************************
+   ```
+
+2. 接下来使用`navicat-keygen.exe`来生成序列号和激活码
+
+   ```
+   navicat-keygen.exe <-bin|-text> [-adv] <RSA-2048 Private Key File>
+   ```
+
+   * `<-bin|-text>`: 必须是`-bin`或`-text`。
+
+     如果指定了`-bin`，`navicat-keygen.exe`最终将生成`license_file`文件。这个选项是给Navicat旧激活方式使用的。
+
+     如果指定了`-text`，`navicat-keygen.exe`最终将生成Base64样式的激活码。这个选项是给Navicat新激活方式使用的。
+
+     __这个参数必须指定。__
+
+   * `[-adv]`: 开启高级模式。
+
+     __这个参数是可选的。__ 如果指定了这个参数，`navicat-keygen.exe`将会要求你手工填写产品ID号、语言标识号。这个选项一般是给以后用的。
+
+   * `<RSA-2048 Private Key File>`: RSA-2048私钥文件的完整路径或相对路径。私钥必须是PEM格式的。
+     
+     __这个参数必须指定。__
+
+   __例如：(在cmd.exe中)__ 
+
+   ```console
+   navicat-keygen.exe -text .\RegPrivateKey.pem
+   ```
+
+   你会被要求选择Navicat产品类别、语言以及输入主版本号。之后会随机生成一个序列号。
+
+   ```
+   ***************************************************
+   *       navicat-keygen by @DoubleLabyrinth        *
+   *                version: 16.0.7.0                *
+   ***************************************************
+
+   [*] Select Navicat product:
+   0. DataModeler
+   1. Premium
+   2. MySQL
+   3. PostgreSQL
+   4. Oracle
+   5. SQLServer
+   6. SQLite
+   7. MariaDB
+   8. MongoDB
+   9. ReportViewer
+
+   (Input index)> 1
+
+   [*] Select product language:
+   0. English
+   1. Simplified Chinese
+   2. Traditional Chinese
+   3. Japanese
+   4. Polish
+   5. Spanish
+   6. French
+   7. German
+   8. Korean
+   9. Russian
+   10. Portuguese
+
+   (Input index)> 0
+
+   [*] Input major version number:
+   (range: 11 ~ 16, default: 16)> 16
+
+   [*] Serial number:
+   NAVL-GFKA-T5SR-ZFTK
+
+   [*] Your name:
+   ```
+
+   你可以使用这个序列号暂时激活Navicat。
+
+   接下来你会被要求输入`用户名`和`组织名`；请随便填写，但不要太长。
+
+   ```
+   [*] Your name: Double Sine
+   [*] Your organization: PremiumSoft CyberTech Ltd.
+
+   [*] Input request code (in Base64), input empty line to end:
+   ```
+ 
+   之后你会被要求填入请求码。注意 __不要关闭命令行__.
+
+3. __断开网络__ 并打开Navicat。找到`注册`窗口，并填入keygen给你的序列号。然后点击`激活`按钮。
+
+4. 一般来说在线激活肯定会失败，这时候Navicat会询问你是否`手动激活`，直接选吧。
+
+5. 在`手动激活`窗口你会得到一个请求码，复制它并把它粘贴到keygen里。最后别忘了连按至少两下回车结束输入。
+
+   ```
+   [*] Your name: Double Sine
+   [*] Your organization: PremiumSoft CyberTech Ltd.
+
+   [*] Input request code (in Base64), input empty line to end:
+   CpgnfbIJGmAcxCuo/pAb8EeoS0audZn2NNemg6c3NPK/dWgb343IZQrFwoBZY6lpxE4Fq1BoNmCM75P03XpiXQ+hErcvFWk6iQPDCk/d4msf/AoprIqAMpXFoFLkeP0G93UIIEeBsUej8SrxdDgQDM585iPok5fUW+fTDCD1VICr7DBdL3c/69IxeIgiOQSuImdIQiM3/EOfDiFbAJL9vHW5LxFT8jj+8RPXehwPTBphpInmGdzxVZUZJwAGlXt7orrRbzafdeBjz6MnTajTcJP3SS2dBCiR33UScnyxYGEXdzv7+QLScTmCvI7gqg3Z8DMhroKMoHmy1AvC16FKVw==
+
+   [*] Request Info:
+   {"K":"NAVLGFKAT5SRZFTK", "DI":"7D48FCBD093C778879A1", "P":"WIN"}
+
+   [*] Response Info:
+   {"K":"NAVLGFKAT5SRZFTK","DI":"7D48FCBD093C778879A1","N":"Double Sine","O":"PremiumSoft CyberTech Ltd.","T":1644387294}
+
+   [*] Activation Code:
+   vwLGmQIWg/DtzHMcaKCDHAjTcBNbTo2VmNllphUSUMgGjgvL6v82ue+GqXB6M/qn48Rj4D4Joqqisr6UwMSclNmQxOQz4RftEpLtG6KBjDo4LM71qn9R/jWoZV5EoHPQkX5gzhO/D7GammrRGn2MV+zI6dJ4c4SBFNnNyjAeEqNzinrQwjB7lUVTlpHEe/SMrdCsGliPZQ/X+5ASbEsq3D8PZsjysJv98MIJrZvdTdznrRe8JzYP+8sbIPQMIX1UDmdyDpbpSl45N92OhO4htz1kFjUEfnrwY0GMOhdYHv/PfMI7RiQzkRyY7pLvX7muJ4dkA+CmMmwew3gy3MWjig==
+   ```
+
+6. 如果不出意外，你会得到一个看似用Base64编码的激活码。直接复制它，并把它粘贴到Navicat的`手动激活`窗口，最后点`激活`按钮。如果没什么意外的话应该能成功激活。
+
--- a/navicat-keygen.sln
+++ b/navicat-keygen.sln
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio Version 17
+VisualStudioVersion = 17.0.32112.339
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "navicat-keygen", "navicat-keygen\navicat-keygen.vcxproj", "{6D262AF4-5DAC-4F0C-B3D6-23C9CBEA9756}"
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "navicat-patcher", "navicat-patcher\navicat-patcher.vcxproj", "{1B6920EB-E6ED-465F-9600-B5F816752375}"
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "common", "common\common.vcxitems", "{6D81A756-475A-4093-919E-3E9217F662CA}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SharedMSBuildProjectFiles) = preSolution
+		common\common.vcxitems*{1b6920eb-e6ed-465f-9600-b5f816752375}*SharedItemsImports = 4
+		common\common.vcxitems*{6d262af4-5dac-4f0c-b3d6-23c9cbea9756}*SharedItemsImports = 4
+		common\common.vcxitems*{6d81a756-475a-4093-919e-3e9217f662ca}*SharedItemsImports = 9
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Debug|x86 = Debug|x86
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+		Release|x86 = Release|x86
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{6D262AF4-5DAC-4F0C-B3D6-23C9CBEA9756}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{6D262AF4-5DAC-4F0C-B3D6-23C9CBEA9756}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{6D262AF4-5DAC-4F0C-B3D6-23C9CBEA9756}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{6D262AF4-5DAC-4F0C-B3D6-23C9CBEA9756}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{6D262AF4-5DAC-4F0C-B3D6-23C9CBEA9756}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{6D262AF4-5DAC-4F0C-B3D6-23C9CBEA9756}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{6D262AF4-5DAC-4F0C-B3D6-23C9CBEA9756}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{6D262AF4-5DAC-4F0C-B3D6-23C9CBEA9756}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{1B6920EB-E6ED-465F-9600-B5F816752375}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{1B6920EB-E6ED-465F-9600-B5F816752375}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{1B6920EB-E6ED-465F-9600-B5F816752375}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{1B6920EB-E6ED-465F-9600-B5F816752375}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{1B6920EB-E6ED-465F-9600-B5F816752375}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{1B6920EB-E6ED-465F-9600-B5F816752375}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{1B6920EB-E6ED-465F-9600-B5F816752375}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{1B6920EB-E6ED-465F-9600-B5F816752375}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+		SolutionGuid = {9382E280-F6E3-48E2-B3EF-1DB5BFF83DAE}
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
--- a/navicat-keygen/Base32.hpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/Base32.hpp
@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-[[nodiscard]]
-inline std::string base32_encode(const void* lpBinary, size_t cbBinary) {
-    static const std::string::value_type Alphabet[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567";
-    static constexpr std::string::value_type PaddingChar = '=';
-    
-    std::string szBase32;
-
-    if (auto pbBinary = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(lpBinary); cbBinary) {
-        szBase32.reserve((cbBinary * 8 + 4) / 5);
-
-        uint8_t Idx = 0;
-        uint8_t BitsLeft = 8;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < cbBinary;) {
-            if (BitsLeft < 5) {
-                Idx = pbBinary[i] << (5 - BitsLeft);
-
-                ++i;
-                if (i != cbBinary) {
-                    Idx |= pbBinary[i] >> (3 + BitsLeft);
-                }
-
-                Idx &= 0x1F;
-                BitsLeft += 3;
-            } else {
-                Idx = pbBinary[i] >> (BitsLeft - 5);
-
-                Idx &= 0x1F;
-                BitsLeft -= 5;
-            }
-
-            szBase32.append(1, Alphabet[Idx]);
-
-            if (BitsLeft == 0) {
-                BitsLeft = 8;
-                ++i;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (szBase32.length() % 8) {
-            size_t Padding = 8 - szBase32.length() % 8;
-            szBase32.append(Padding, PaddingChar);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return szBase32;
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]]
-inline std::string base32_encode(const std::vector<uint8_t>& Binary) {
-    return base32_encode(Binary.data(), Binary.size());
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]]
-inline std::string base32_encode(const std::initializer_list<uint8_t>& Binary) {
-    return base32_encode(Binary.begin(), Binary.size());
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]]
-inline std::vector<uint8_t> base32_decode(std::string_view szBase32) {
-    static constexpr std::string::value_type PaddingChar = '=';
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> Binary;
-
-    if (szBase32.length()) {
-        Binary.reserve((szBase32.length() * 5 + 7) / 8);
-
-        uint8_t Byte = 0;
-        uint8_t BitsNeed = 8;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < szBase32.length(); ++i) {
-            uint8_t Idx;
-            if ('A' <= szBase32[i] && szBase32[i] <= 'Z') {
-                Idx = szBase32[i] - 'A';
-            } else if ('a' <= szBase32[i] && szBase32[i] <= 'z') {
-                Idx = szBase32[i] - 'a';
-            } else if ('2' <= szBase32[i] && szBase32[i] <= '7') {
-                Idx = szBase32[i] - '2' + 26;
-            } else if (szBase32[i] == PaddingChar) {
-                for (size_t j = i + 1; j < szBase32.length(); ++j) {
-                    if (szBase32[j] != PaddingChar) {
-                        throw std::invalid_argument("base32_decode: invalid padding schema.");
-                    }
-                }
-
-                break;
-            } else {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("base32_decode: non-Base32 character is detected.");
-            }
-
-            if (BitsNeed >= 5) {
-                Byte |= Idx;
-
-                BitsNeed -= 5;
-                Byte <<= BitsNeed;
-            } else {
-                Byte |= Idx >> (5 - BitsNeed);
-                Binary.push_back(Byte);
-
-                BitsNeed += 3;
-                Byte = Idx << BitsNeed;
-                if (BitsNeed > 5) {
-                    Byte >>= BitsNeed - 5;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        switch (BitsNeed) {
-            case 1:
-            case 2:
-            case 3:
-                throw std::invalid_argument("base32_decode: base32 string is corrupted.");
-            case 4:
-            case 5:
-            case 6:
-            case 7:
-                if (Byte != 0) {
-                    throw std::invalid_argument("base32_decode: base32 string is corrupted.");
-                }
-                break;
-            case 0:
-            case 8:
-                break;
-            default:
-                __builtin_unreachable();
-        }
-    }
-
-    return Binary;
-}
-
--- a/navicat-keygen/Base64.hpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/Base64.hpp
@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <vector>
-#include <string>
-
-[[nodiscard]]
-inline std::string base64_encode(const void* lpBinary, size_t cbBinary) {
-    static const std::string::value_type Alphabet[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
-    static constexpr std::string::value_type PaddingChar = '=';
-
-    std::string szBase64;
-
-    if (auto pbBinary = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(lpBinary); cbBinary) {
-        szBase64.reserve((cbBinary * 8 + 5) / 6);
-
-        uint8_t Idx = 0;
-        uint8_t BitsLeft = 8;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < cbBinary;) {
-            if (BitsLeft < 6) {
-                Idx = pbBinary[i] << (6 - BitsLeft);
-
-                ++i;
-                if (i != cbBinary) {
-                    Idx |= pbBinary[i] >> (2 + BitsLeft);
-                }
-
-                Idx &= 0x3F;
-                BitsLeft += 2;
-            } else {
-                Idx = pbBinary[i] >> (BitsLeft - 6);
-
-                Idx &= 0x3F;
-                BitsLeft -= 6;
-            }
-
-            szBase64.append(1, Alphabet[Idx]);
-
-            if (BitsLeft == 0) {
-                BitsLeft = 8;
-                ++i;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (szBase64.length() % 4) {
-            size_t Padding = 4 - szBase64.length() % 4;
-            szBase64.append(Padding, PaddingChar);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return szBase64;
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]]
-inline std::string base64_encode(const std::vector<uint8_t>& Binary) {
-    return base64_encode(Binary.data(), Binary.size());
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]]
-inline std::string base64_encode(const std::initializer_list<uint8_t>& Binary) {
-    return base64_encode(Binary.begin(), Binary.size());
-}
-
-[[nodiscard]]
-inline std::vector<uint8_t> base64_decode(std::string_view szBase64) {
-    static constexpr std::string::value_type PaddingChar = '=';
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> Binary;
-
-    if (szBase64.length()) {
-        Binary.reserve((szBase64.length() * 6 + 7) / 8);
-
-        uint8_t Byte = 0;
-        uint8_t BitsNeed = 8;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < szBase64.length(); ++i) {
-            uint8_t Idx;
-            if ('A' <= szBase64[i] && szBase64[i] <= 'Z') {
-                Idx = szBase64[i] - 'A';
-            } else if ('a' <= szBase64[i] && szBase64[i] <= 'z') {
-                Idx = szBase64[i] - 'a' + 26;
-            } else if ('0' <= szBase64[i] && szBase64[i] <= '9') {
-                Idx = szBase64[i] - '0' + 26 + 26;
-            } else if (szBase64[i] == '+') {
-                Idx = 26 + 26 + 10;
-            } else if (szBase64[i] == '/') {
-                Idx = 26 + 26 + 10 + 1;
-            } else if (szBase64[i] == PaddingChar) {
-                for (size_t j = i + 1; j < szBase64.length(); ++j) {
-                    if (szBase64[j] != PaddingChar) {
-                        throw std::invalid_argument("base64_decode: invalid padding schema.");
-                    }
-                }
-
-                break;
-            } else {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("base64_decode: non-Base64 character is detected.");
-            }
-
-            if (BitsNeed >= 6) {
-                Byte |= Idx;
-
-                BitsNeed -= 6;
-                Byte <<= BitsNeed;
-            } else {
-                Byte |= Idx >> (6 - BitsNeed);
-                Binary.push_back(Byte);
-
-                BitsNeed += 2;
-                Byte = Idx << BitsNeed;
-                if (BitsNeed > 6) {
-                    Byte >>= BitsNeed - 6;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        switch (BitsNeed) {
-            case 2:
-                throw std::invalid_argument("base64_decode: base64 string is corrupted.");
-            case 4:
-            case 6:
-                if (Byte != 0) {
-                    throw std::invalid_argument("base64_decode: base64 string is corrupted.");
-                }
-                break;
-            case 0:
-            case 8:
-                break;
-            default:
-                __builtin_unreachable();
-        }
-    }
-
-    return Binary;
-}
-
--- a/navicat-keygen/CollectInformation.cpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/CollectInformation.cpp
@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
-#include "SerialNumberGenerator.hpp"
-#include "ExceptionGeneric.hpp"
+#include "navicat_serial_generator.hpp"
 #include <iostream>
+#include "exceptions/operation_canceled_exception.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-keygen\\CollectInformation.cpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__

 namespace nkg {

    [[nodiscard]]
-    static int ReadInt(int MinVal, int MaxVal, const char* lpszPrompt, const char* lpszErrorMessage) {
+    static int read_int(int min_val, int max_val, std::wstring_view prompt, std::wstring_view error_msg) {
        int val;
-        std::string s;
-        while (true) {
-            std::cout << lpszPrompt;
-            if (!std::getline(std::cin, s)) {
-                throw ARL::EOFError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Abort.");
+
+        for (std::wstring s;;) {
+            std::wcout << prompt;
+            if (!std::getline(std::wcin, s)) {
+                throw exceptions::operation_canceled_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Operation is canceled by user.");
            }

            if (s.empty())
@ -19,119 +22,112 @@ namespace nkg {

            try {
                val = std::stoi(s, nullptr, 0);
-                if (MinVal <= val && val <= MaxVal) {
+                if (min_val <= val && val <= max_val) {
                    return val;
                } else {
-                    throw std::invalid_argument("Out of range.");
+                    throw std::invalid_argument(u8"");
                }
            } catch (std::invalid_argument&) {
-                std::cout << lpszErrorMessage << std::endl;
+                std::wcout << error_msg << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }

    [[nodiscard]]
-    static int ReadInt(int MinVal, int MaxVal, int DefaultVal, const char* lpszPrompt, const char* lpszErrorMessage) {
+    static int read_int(int min_val, int max_val, int default_val, std::wstring_view prompt, std::wstring_view error_msg) {
        int val;
-        std::string s;
-        while (true) {
-            std::cout << lpszPrompt;
-            if (!std::getline(std::cin, s)) {
-                throw ARL::EOFError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Abort.");
+
+        for (std::wstring s;;) {
+            std::wcout << prompt;
+            if (!std::getline(std::wcin, s)) {
+                throw exceptions::operation_canceled_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Operation is canceled by user.");
            }

            if (s.empty()) {
-                return DefaultVal;
+                return default_val;
            }

            try {
                val = std::stoi(s, nullptr, 0);
-                if (MinVal <= val && val <= MaxVal) {
+                if (min_val <= val && val <= max_val) {
                    return val;
                } else {
-                    throw std::invalid_argument("Out of range.");
+                    throw std::invalid_argument(u8"");
                }
            } catch (std::invalid_argument&) {
-                std::cout << lpszErrorMessage << std::endl;
+                std::wcout << error_msg << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }

    [[nodiscard]]
-    SerialNumberGenerator CollectInformationNormal() {
-        SerialNumberGenerator Generator;
+    navicat_serial_generator CollectInformationNormal() {
+        navicat_serial_generator sn_generator;

-        std::cout << "[*] Select Navicat product:"  << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 0. DataModeler"              << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 1. Premium"                  << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 2. MySQL"                    << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 3. PostgreSQL"               << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 4. Oracle"                   << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 5. SQLServer"                << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 6. SQLite"                   << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 7. MariaDB"                  << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 8. MongoDB"                  << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 9. ReportViewer"             << std::endl;
-        std::cout << std::endl;
-        Generator.SetProductSignature(
-            static_cast<NavicatProductType>(ReadInt(0, 9, "(Input index)> ", "Invalid index."))
-        );
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Select Navicat product:"    << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 0. DataModeler"                << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 1. Premium"                    << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 2. MySQL"                      << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 3. PostgreSQL"                 << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 4. Oracle"                     << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 5. SQLServer"                  << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 6. SQLite"                     << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 7. MariaDB"                    << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 8. MongoDB"                    << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 9. ReportViewer"               << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 10. ChartsCreator"             << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 11. ChartsViewer"              << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << std::endl;
+        sn_generator.set_software_type(static_cast<navicat_software_type>(read_int(0, 11, L"(Input index)> ", L"Invalid index.")));
+        std::wcout << std::endl;

-        std::cout << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "[*] Select product language:" << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 0. English"                  << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 1. Simplified Chinese"       << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 2. Traditional Chinese"      << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 3. Japanese"                 << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 4. Polish"                   << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 5. Spanish"                  << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 6. French"                   << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 7. German"                   << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 8. Korean"                   << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 9. Russian"                  << std::endl;
-        std::cout << " 10. Portuguese"              << std::endl;
-        std::cout << std::endl;
-        Generator.SetLanguageSignature(
-            static_cast<NavicatLanguage>(ReadInt(0, 10, "(Input index)> ", "Invalid index."))
-        );
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Select product language:"   << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 0. English"                    << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 1. Simplified Chinese"         << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 2. Traditional Chinese"        << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 3. Japanese"                   << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 4. Polish"                     << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 5. Spanish"                    << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 6. French"                     << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 7. German"                     << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 8. Korean"                     << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 9. Russian"                    << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L" 10. Portuguese"                << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << std::endl;
+        sn_generator.set_software_language(static_cast<navicat_software_language>(read_int(0, 10, L"(Input index)> ", L"Invalid index.")));
+        std::wcout << std::endl;

-        std::cout << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "[*] Input major version number:" << std::endl;
-        Generator.SetVersion(
-            static_cast<uint8_t>(ReadInt(0, 15, 12, "(range: 0 ~ 15, default: 12)> ", "Invalid number."))
-        );
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Input major version number:" << std::endl;
+        sn_generator.set_software_version(read_int(1, 16, 16, L"(range: 1 ~ 16, default: 16)> ", L"Invalid number."));
+        std::wcout << std::endl;

-        std::cout << std::endl;
-        return Generator;
+        return sn_generator;
    }

    [[nodiscard]]
-    SerialNumberGenerator CollectInformationAdvanced() {
-        SerialNumberGenerator Generator;
+    navicat_serial_generator CollectInformationAdvanced() {
+        navicat_serial_generator sn_generator;

-        std::cout << "[*] Navicat Product Signature:" << std::endl;
-        Generator.SetProductSignature(
-            static_cast<uint8_t>(ReadInt(0x00, 0xff, "(range: 0x00 ~ 0xFF)> ", "Invalid number."))
-        );
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Navicat Product Signature:" << std::endl;
+        sn_generator.set_software_type(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(read_int(0x00, 0xff, L"(range: 0x00 ~ 0xFF)> ", L"Invalid number.")));
+        std::wcout << std::endl;

-        std::cout << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "[*] Navicat Language Signature 0:" << std::endl;
-        auto s1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(ReadInt(0x00, 0xff, "(range: 0x00 ~ 0xFF)> ", "Invalid number."));
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Navicat Language Signature 0:" << std::endl;
+        auto s1 = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(read_int(0x00, 0xff, L"(range: 0x00 ~ 0xFF)> ", L"Invalid number."));
+        std::wcout << std::endl;

-        std::cout << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "[*] Navicat Language Signature 1:" << std::endl;
-        auto s2 = static_cast<uint8_t>(ReadInt(0x00, 0xff, "(range: 0x00 ~ 0xFF)> ", "Invalid number."));
-        
-        Generator.SetLanguageSignature(s1, s2);
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Navicat Language Signature 1:" << std::endl;
+        auto s2 = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(read_int(0x00, 0xff, L"(range: 0x00 ~ 0xFF)> ", L"Invalid number."));
+        sn_generator.set_software_language(s1, s2);
+        std::wcout << std::endl;

-        std::cout << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "[*] Input major version number:" << std::endl;
-        Generator.SetVersion(
-            static_cast<uint8_t>(ReadInt(0, 15, 12, "(range: 0 ~ 15, default: 12)> ", "Invalid number."))
-        );
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Input major version number:" << std::endl;
+        sn_generator.set_software_version(read_int(1, 16, 16, L"(range: 1 ~ 16, default: 16)> ", L"Invalid number."));
+        std::wcout << std::endl;

-        std::cout << std::endl;
-        return Generator;
+        return sn_generator;
    }
 }

+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
--- a/navicat-keygen/GenerateLicense.cpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/GenerateLicense.cpp
@ -1,70 +1,84 @@
-#include "Exception.hpp"
-#include "ExceptionGeneric.hpp"
-#include "ResourceWrapper.hpp"
-#include "ResourceTraitsOpenssl.hpp"
-#include "RSACipher.hpp"
-#include "Base64.hpp"
-#include "SerialNumberGenerator.hpp"
+#include "exception.hpp"
+#include "exceptions/operation_canceled_exception.hpp"
+#include "exceptions/win32_exception.hpp"
+
+#include "resource_wrapper.hpp"
+#include "resource_traits/win32/file_handle.hpp"
+
+#include "cp_converter.hpp"
+#include "base64_rfc4648.hpp"
+#include "navicat_serial_generator.hpp"
+#include "rsa_cipher.hpp"

 #include <iostream>
 #include <ctime>
+
 #include <rapidjson/document.h>
 #include <rapidjson/writer.h>
 #include <rapidjson/stringbuffer.h>

+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-keygen\\GenerateLicense.cpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
 namespace nkg {

-    void GenerateLicenseText(const RSACipher& Cipher, const SerialNumberGenerator& Generator) {
-        std::string utf8username;
-        std::string utf8organization;
+    void GenerateLicenseText(const rsa_cipher& cipher, const navicat_serial_generator& sn_generator) {
+        std::wstring username;
+        std::wstring organization;
+        std::string u8_username;
+        std::string u8_organization;

-        std::string b64RequestCode;
-        std::vector<uint8_t> RequestCode;
-        std::string utf8RequestInfo;
-        std::string utf8ResponseInfo;
-        std::vector<uint8_t> ResponseCode;
-        std::string b64ResponseCode;
+        std::wstring b64_request_code;
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> request_code;
+        std::string u8_request_info;
+        std::string u8_response_info;
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> response_code;
+        std::wstring b64_response_code;

-        std::cout << "[*] Your name: ";
-        if (!std::getline(std::cin, utf8username)) {
-            throw ARL::EOFError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Abort.");
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Your name: ";
+        if (!std::getline(std::wcin, username)) {
+            throw exceptions::operation_canceled_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Operation is canceled by user.");
+        } else {
+            u8_username = cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(username);
        }

-        std::cout << "[*] Your organization: ";
-        if (!std::getline(std::cin, utf8organization)) {
-            throw ARL::EOFError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Abort.");
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Your organization: ";
+        if (!std::getline(std::wcin, organization)) {
+            throw exceptions::operation_canceled_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Operation is canceled by user.");
+        } else {
+            u8_organization = cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(organization);
        }

-        std::cout << std::endl;
-
-        std::cout << "[*] Input request code in Base64: (Double press ENTER to end)" << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Input request code in Base64: (Input empty line to end)" << std::endl;
        while (true) {
-            std::string temp;
-            if (!std::getline(std::cin, temp)) {
-                throw ARL::EOFError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Abort.");
+            std::wstring s;
+            if (!std::getline(std::wcin, s)) {
+                throw exceptions::operation_canceled_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Operation is canceled by user.");
            }

-            if (temp.empty()) {
+            if (s.empty()) {
                break;
            }

-            b64RequestCode.append(temp);
+            b64_request_code.append(s);
        }

-        RequestCode = base64_decode(b64RequestCode);
-        if (RequestCode.size() != 256) {
-            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Broken request code. %zu", RequestCode.size());
+        if (b64_request_code.empty()) {
+            throw exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Nothing inputs, abort!");
        }

-        utf8RequestInfo.resize((Cipher.Bits() + 7) / 8);
-        Cipher.Decrypt(RequestCode.data(), RequestCode.size(), utf8RequestInfo.data(), RSA_PKCS1_PADDING);
-        while (utf8RequestInfo.back() == '\x00') {
-            utf8RequestInfo.pop_back();
+        request_code = base64_rfc4648::decode(cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(b64_request_code));
+
+        u8_request_info.resize((cipher.bits() + 7) / 8);
+        u8_request_info.resize(cipher.private_decrypt(request_code.data(), request_code.size(), u8_request_info.data(), RSA_PKCS1_PADDING));
+        while (u8_request_info.back() == '\x00') {
+            u8_request_info.pop_back();
        }

-        std::cout << "[*] Request Info:" << std::endl;
-        std::cout << utf8RequestInfo << std::endl;
-        std::cout << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Request Info:" << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << cp_converter<CP_UTF8, -1>::convert(u8_request_info) << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << std::endl;

        rapidjson::Document json;
        rapidjson::Value N_Key;
@ -77,78 +91,89 @@ namespace nkg {
        rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer);

        //
-        // Begin to parse
+        // begin to parse
        //
-        json.Parse(utf8RequestInfo.c_str());
+        json.Parse(u8_request_info.c_str());
+
        //
-        // Remove "Platform" info
+        // remove "Platform" info
        //
-        json.RemoveMember("P");
+        json.RemoveMember(u8"P");
+
        //
-        // Set "Name" info
+        // set "Name" info
        //
-        N_Key.SetString("N", 1);
-        N_Value.SetString(utf8username.c_str(), static_cast<rapidjson::SizeType>(utf8username.length()));
+        N_Key.SetString(u8"N", 1);
+        N_Value.SetString(u8_username.c_str(), static_cast<rapidjson::SizeType>(u8_username.length()));
+
        //
-        // Set "Organization" info
+        // set "Organization" info
        //
-        O_Key.SetString("O", 1);
-        O_Value.SetString(utf8organization.c_str(), static_cast<rapidjson::SizeType>(utf8organization.length()));
+        O_Key.SetString(u8"O", 1);
+        O_Value.SetString(u8_organization.c_str(), static_cast<rapidjson::SizeType>(u8_organization.length()));
+
        //
-        // Set "Time" info
+        // set "Time" info
        //
-        T_Key.SetString("T", 1);
+        T_Key.SetString(u8"T", 1);
        T_Value.SetUint(static_cast<unsigned int>(std::time(nullptr)));
+
        //
-        // Add "Name", "Organization" and "Time"
+        // add "Name", "Organization" and "Time"
        //
        json.AddMember(N_Key, N_Value, json.GetAllocator());
        json.AddMember(O_Key, O_Value, json.GetAllocator());
        json.AddMember(T_Key, T_Value, json.GetAllocator());

+        //
+        // flush
+        //
        json.Accept(writer);
+
        if (buffer.GetSize() > 240) {
-            throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Response info is too long.");
+            throw exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Response Info is too long.");
        }

-        utf8ResponseInfo.assign(buffer.GetString(), buffer.GetSize());
+        u8_response_info.assign(buffer.GetString(), buffer.GetSize());

-        std::cout << "[*] Response Info:" << std::endl;
-        std::cout << utf8ResponseInfo << std::endl;
-        std::cout << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Response Info:" << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << cp_converter<CP_UTF8, -1>::convert(u8_response_info) << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << std::endl;

-        ResponseCode.resize((Cipher.Bits() + 7) / 8);
-        Cipher.Encrypt<RSAKeyType::PrivateKey>(utf8ResponseInfo.data(), utf8ResponseInfo.size(), ResponseCode.data(), RSA_PKCS1_PADDING);
+        response_code.resize((cipher.bits() + 7) / 8);
+        response_code.resize(cipher.private_encrypt(u8_response_info.data(), u8_response_info.size(), response_code.data(), RSA_PKCS1_PADDING));
+        b64_response_code = cp_converter<CP_UTF8, -1>::convert(base64_rfc4648::encode(response_code));

-        b64ResponseCode = base64_encode(ResponseCode);
-
-        std::cout << "[*] Activation Code:" << std::endl;
-        std::cout << b64ResponseCode << std::endl;
-        std::cout << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Activation Code:" << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << b64_response_code << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << std::endl;
    }

-    void GenerateLicenseBinary(const RSACipher& Cipher, const SerialNumberGenerator& Generator) {
-        ARL::ResourceWrapper LicenseFile{ ARL::ResourceTraits::OpensslBIO{} };
+    void GenerateLicenseBinary(const rsa_cipher& cipher, const navicat_serial_generator& sn_generator) {
+        std::string utf8SerialNumber = sn_generator.serial_number();

-        std::string utf8SerialNumber = Generator.GetSerialNumberShort();
-        std::string utf8username;
-        std::string utf8organization;
+        std::wstring username;
+        std::wstring organization;
+        std::string u8_username;
+        std::string u8_organization;

-        std::string utf8ResponseInfo;
-        std::vector<uint8_t> ResponseCode;
+        std::string u8_response_info;
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> response_code;

-        std::cout << "[*] Your name: ";
-        if (!std::getline(std::cin, utf8username)) {
-            throw ARL::EOFError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Abort.");
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Your name: ";
+        if (!std::getline(std::wcin, username)) {
+            throw exceptions::operation_canceled_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Operation is canceled by user.");
+        } else {
+            u8_username = cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(username);
        }

-        std::cout << "[*] Your organization: ";
-        if (!std::getline(std::cin, utf8organization)) {
-            throw ARL::EOFError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Abort.");
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Your organization: ";
+        if (!std::getline(std::wcin, organization)) {
+            throw exceptions::operation_canceled_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Operation is canceled by user.");
+        } else {
+            u8_organization = cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(organization);
        }

-        std::cout << std::endl;
-
        rapidjson::Document json;
        rapidjson::Value N_Key;
        rapidjson::Value N_Value;
@ -165,9 +190,9 @@ namespace nkg {
        K_Key.SetString("K", 1);
        K_Value.SetString(utf8SerialNumber.c_str(), static_cast<rapidjson::SizeType>(utf8SerialNumber.length()));
        N_Key.SetString("N", 1);
-        N_Value.SetString(utf8username.c_str(), static_cast<rapidjson::SizeType>(utf8username.length()));
+        N_Value.SetString(u8_username.c_str(), static_cast<rapidjson::SizeType>(u8_username.length()));
        O_Key.SetString("O", 1);
-        O_Value.SetString(utf8organization.c_str(), static_cast<rapidjson::SizeType>(utf8organization.length()));
+        O_Value.SetString(u8_organization.c_str(), static_cast<rapidjson::SizeType>(u8_organization.length()));
        T_Key.SetString("T", 1);
        T_Value.SetUint(static_cast<unsigned int>(std::time(nullptr)));

@ -176,30 +201,37 @@ namespace nkg {
        json.AddMember(O_Key, O_Value, json.GetAllocator());
        json.AddMember(T_Key, T_Value, json.GetAllocator());

+        //
+        // flush
+        //
        json.Accept(writer);
+
        if (buffer.GetSize() > 240) {
-            throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Response info is too long.");
+            throw exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Response Info is too long.");
        }

-        utf8ResponseInfo.assign(buffer.GetString(), buffer.GetSize());
+        u8_response_info.assign(buffer.GetString(), buffer.GetSize());
+        
+        std::wcout << L"[*] Response Info:" << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << cp_converter<CP_UTF8, -1>::convert(u8_response_info) << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << std::endl;

-        std::cout << "[*] Response Info:" << std::endl;
-        std::cout << utf8ResponseInfo << std::endl;
-        std::cout << std::endl;
+        response_code.resize((cipher.bits() + 7) / 8);
+        response_code.resize(cipher.private_encrypt(u8_response_info.data(), u8_response_info.size(), response_code.data(), RSA_PKCS1_PADDING));

-        ResponseCode.resize((Cipher.Bits() + 7) / 8);
-        Cipher.Encrypt<RSAKeyType::PrivateKey>(utf8ResponseInfo.data(), utf8ResponseInfo.size(), ResponseCode.data(), RSA_PKCS1_PADDING);
-
-        LicenseFile.TakeOver(BIO_new_file("license_file", "w"));
-        if (LicenseFile.IsValid() == false) {
-            throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "BIO_new_file failed.");
+        resource_wrapper license_file{ resource_traits::win32::file_handle{}, CreateFileW(L"license_file", GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL) };
+        if (license_file.is_valid() == false) {
+            throw exceptions::win32_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), GetLastError(), u8"CreateFileW failed.");
        }

-        if (BIO_write(LicenseFile, ResponseCode.data(), ResponseCode.size()) != ResponseCode.size()) {
-            throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "BIO_write failed.");
+        if (DWORD _;  WriteFile(license_file.get(), response_code.data(), static_cast<DWORD>(response_code.size()), &_, NULL) == FALSE) {
+            throw exceptions::win32_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), GetLastError(), u8"WriteFile failed.");
        }

-        std::cout << "[+] license_file has been generated." << std::endl;
+        std::wcout << L"[+] license_file has been generated." << std::endl;
    }
+
 }

+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
--- a/navicat-keygen/SerialNumberGenerator.cpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/SerialNumberGenerator.cpp
@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-#include "SerialNumberGenerator.hpp"
-#include "Exception.hpp"
-#include <openssl/rand.h>
-#include <openssl/des.h>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <algorithm>
-#include "Base32.hpp"
-
-namespace nkg {
-
-    SerialNumberGenerator::SerialNumberGenerator() noexcept :
-        m_Data{ 0x68 , 0x2A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x32 } {}
-
-    void SerialNumberGenerator::SetLanguageSignature(NavicatLanguage Language) noexcept {
-        switch (Language) {
-            case NavicatLanguage::English:
-                m_Data[5] = 0xAC;       // Must be 0xAC for English version.
-                m_Data[6] = 0x88;       // Must be 0x88 for English version.
-                break;
-            case NavicatLanguage::SimplifiedChinese:
-                m_Data[5] = 0xCE;       // Must be 0xCE for Simplified Chinese version.
-                m_Data[6] = 0x32;       // Must be 0x32 for Simplified Chinese version.
-                break;
-            case NavicatLanguage::TraditionalChinese:
-                m_Data[5] = 0xAA;       // Must be 0xAA for Traditional Chinese version.
-                m_Data[6] = 0x99;       // Must be 0x99 for Traditional Chinese version.
-                break;
-            case NavicatLanguage::Japanese:
-                m_Data[5] = 0xAD;       // Must be 0xAD for Japanese version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                m_Data[6] = 0x82;       // Must be 0x82 for Japanese version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                break;
-            case NavicatLanguage::Polish:
-                m_Data[5] = 0xBB;       // Must be 0xBB for Polish version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                m_Data[6] = 0x55;       // Must be 0x55 for Polish version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                break;
-            case NavicatLanguage::Spanish:
-                m_Data[5] = 0xAE;       // Must be 0xAE for Spanish version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                m_Data[6] = 0x10;       // Must be 0x10 for Spanish version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                break;
-            case NavicatLanguage::French:
-                m_Data[5] = 0xFA;       // Must be 0xFA for French version. Discoverer: @Deltafox79
-                m_Data[6] = 0x20;       // Must be 0x20 for French version. Discoverer: @Deltafox79
-                break;
-            case NavicatLanguage::German:
-                m_Data[5] = 0xB1;       // Must be 0xB1 for German version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                m_Data[6] = 0x60;       // Must be 0x60 for German version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                break;
-            case NavicatLanguage::Korean:
-                m_Data[5] = 0xB5;       // Must be 0xB5 for Korean version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                m_Data[6] = 0x60;       // Must be 0x60 for Korean version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                break;
-            case NavicatLanguage::Russian:
-                m_Data[5] = 0xEE;       // Must be 0xB5 for Russian version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                m_Data[6] = 0x16;       // Must be 0x60 for Russian version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                break;
-            case NavicatLanguage::Portuguese:
-                m_Data[5] = 0xCD;       // Must be 0xCD for Portuguese version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                m_Data[6] = 0x49;       // Must be 0x49 for Portuguese version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
-                break;
-            default:
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    void SerialNumberGenerator::SetLanguageSignature(uint8_t LanguageSignature0, uint8_t LanguageSignature1) noexcept {
-        m_Data[5] = LanguageSignature0;
-        m_Data[6] = LanguageSignature1;
-    }
-
-    void SerialNumberGenerator::SetProductSignature(NavicatProductType ProductType) noexcept {
-        switch (ProductType) {
-            case NavicatProductType::DataModeler:
-                m_Data[7] = 0x84;
-                break;
-            case NavicatProductType::Premium:
-                m_Data[7] = 0x65;
-                break;
-            case NavicatProductType::MySQL:
-                m_Data[7] = 0x68;
-                break;
-            case NavicatProductType::PostgreSQL:
-                m_Data[7] = 0x6C;
-                break;
-            case NavicatProductType::Oracle:
-                m_Data[7] = 0x70;
-                break;
-            case NavicatProductType::SQLServer:
-                m_Data[7] = 0x74;
-                break;
-            case NavicatProductType::SQLite:
-                m_Data[7] = 0x78;
-                break;
-            case NavicatProductType::MariaDB:
-                m_Data[7] = 0x7C;
-                break;
-            case NavicatProductType::MongoDB:
-                m_Data[7] = 0x80;
-                break;
-            case NavicatProductType::ReportViewer:
-                m_Data[7] = 0x0b;
-            default:
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    void SerialNumberGenerator::SetProductSignature(uint8_t ProductSignature) noexcept {
-        m_Data[7] = ProductSignature;
-    }
-
-    void SerialNumberGenerator::SetVersion(uint8_t Version) {
-        if (Version < 0x10) {
-            m_Data[8] = static_cast<uint8_t>(Version << 4);
-        } else {
-            throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Invalid version for Navicat.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    void SerialNumberGenerator::Generate() {
-        static auto translator = [](char c) {
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-            //static const char StandardBase32[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567";
-            //static const char NavicatBase32[] =  "ABCDEFGH8JKLMN9PQRSTUVWXYZ234567";
-            switch (c) {
-                case 'I':
-                    return '8';
-                case 'O':
-                    return '9';
-                default:
-                    return c;
-            }
-#else
-            //static const char StandardBase32[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567";
-            //static const char NavicatBase32[] =  "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567";
-            return c;
-#endif
-        };
-
-        RAND_bytes(m_Data + 2, 3);
-
-        const_DES_cblock key = { 0x64, 0xAD, 0xF3, 0x2F, 0xAE, 0xF2, 0x1A, 0x27 };
-        DES_key_schedule schedule;
-        DES_set_key_unchecked(&key, &schedule);
-        DES_ecb_encrypt(
-            reinterpret_cast<const_DES_cblock*>(m_Data + 2),
-            reinterpret_cast<const_DES_cblock*>(m_Data + 2),
-            &schedule,
-            DES_ENCRYPT
-        );
-
-        
-        m_SerialNumberShort = base32_encode(m_Data, sizeof(m_Data));
-        std::transform(m_SerialNumberShort.begin(), m_SerialNumberShort.end(), m_SerialNumberShort.begin(), translator);
-
-        m_SerialNumberLong.resize(20);
-        snprintf(m_SerialNumberLong.data(), m_SerialNumberLong.length(), 
-            "%.4s-%.4s-%.4s-%.4s",
-            m_SerialNumberShort.c_str() + 0,
-            m_SerialNumberShort.c_str() + 4,
-            m_SerialNumberShort.c_str() + 8,
-            m_SerialNumberShort.c_str() + 12
-        );
-        while (m_SerialNumberLong.back() == '\x00') {
-            m_SerialNumberLong.pop_back();
-        }
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    const std::string& SerialNumberGenerator::GetSerialNumberShort() const noexcept {
-        return m_SerialNumberShort;
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    const std::string& SerialNumberGenerator::GetSerialNumberLong() const noexcept {
-        return m_SerialNumberLong;
-    }
-
-    void SerialNumberGenerator::ShowInConsole() const {
-        std::cout << "[*] Serial number:" << std::endl;
-        std::cout << m_SerialNumberLong << std::endl;
-        std::cout << std::endl;
-    }
-}
-
--- a/navicat-keygen/SerialNumberGenerator.hpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/SerialNumberGenerator.hpp
@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <string>
-
-namespace nkg {
-
-    enum class NavicatLanguage {
-        English,
-        SimplifiedChinese,
-        TraditionalChinese,
-        Japanese,
-        Polish,
-        Spanish,
-        French,
-        German,
-        Korean,
-        Russian,
-        Portuguese
-    };
-
-    enum class NavicatProductType {
-        DataModeler,
-        Premium,
-        MySQL,
-        PostgreSQL,
-        Oracle,
-        SQLServer,
-        SQLite,
-        MariaDB,
-        MongoDB,
-        ReportViewer
-    };
-
-    class SerialNumberGenerator {
-    private:
-
-        uint8_t     m_Data[10];
-        std::string m_SerialNumberShort;
-        std::string m_SerialNumberLong;
-
-    public:
-
-        SerialNumberGenerator() noexcept;
-
-        void SetLanguageSignature(NavicatLanguage Language) noexcept;
-        void SetLanguageSignature(uint8_t LanguageSignature0, uint8_t LanguageSignature1) noexcept;
-
-        void SetProductSignature(NavicatProductType ProductType) noexcept;
-        void SetProductSignature(uint8_t ProductSignature) noexcept;
-
-        void SetVersion(uint8_t Version);
-
-        void Generate();
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const std::string& GetSerialNumberShort() const noexcept;
-        
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const std::string& GetSerialNumberLong() const noexcept;
-
-        void ShowInConsole() const;
-    };
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-keygen/base32_rfc4648.cpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/base32_rfc4648.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#include "base32_rfc4648.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-keygen\\base32_rfc4648.cpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    char base32_rfc4648::symbol(alphabet_index_t idx) {
+        return alphabet[idx];
+    }
+
+    base32_rfc4648::alphabet_index_t base32_rfc4648::reverse_symbol(char c) {
+        if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') {
+            return c - 'A';
+        } else if ('2' <= c && c <= '7') {
+            return c - '2' + 26;
+        } else {
+            throw decoding_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Non-base32 digit is found");
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::string base32_rfc4648::encode(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
+        return encode(data.data(), data.size());
+    }
+
+    std::string base32_rfc4648::encode(const void* data_ptr, size_t data_size) {
+        std::string retval;
+
+        if (data_size) {
+            retval.reserve((data_size * 8 + 4) / 5);
+
+            auto p = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data_ptr);
+            alphabet_index_t left_bits = 0;
+            alphabet_index_t bit_buffer = 0;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < data_size; ++i) {
+                bit_buffer = (bit_buffer << 8) | p[i];
+                left_bits += 8;
+
+                while (left_bits >= 5) {
+                    alphabet_index_t idx = (bit_buffer >> (left_bits - 5)) & 0x1f;
+                    retval.push_back(symbol(idx));
+                    left_bits -= 5;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (left_bits > 0) {
+                alphabet_index_t idx = (bit_buffer << (5 - left_bits)) & 0x1f;
+                retval.push_back(symbol(idx));
+            }
+
+            switch (data_size % 5) {
+                case 0:
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    retval.append(6, padding_character);
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    retval.append(4, padding_character);
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    retval.append(3, padding_character);
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    retval.append(1, padding_character);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    __assume(false);
+            }
+        }
+            
+        return retval;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> base32_rfc4648::decode(std::string_view b32_string) {
+        if (b32_string.length() % 8 == 0) {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> retval;
+
+            size_t count_of_padding = std::distance(b32_string.crbegin(), std::find_if_not(b32_string.crbegin(), b32_string.crend(), [](char c) -> bool { return c == padding_character; }));
+            switch (count_of_padding) {
+                case 1:
+                    retval.reserve(b32_string.length() / 8 * 5 - (5 - 4));
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    retval.reserve(b32_string.length() / 8 * 5 - (5 - 3));
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    retval.reserve(b32_string.length() / 8 * 5 - (5 - 2));
+                    break;
+                case 6:
+                    retval.reserve(b32_string.length() / 8 * 5 - (5 - 1));
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw decoding_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Incorrect padding");
+            }
+
+            size_t count_of_encoded = b32_string.length() - count_of_padding;
+
+            alphabet_index_t left_bits = 0;
+            alphabet_index_t bit_buffer = 0;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < count_of_encoded; ++i) {
+                bit_buffer = (bit_buffer << 5) | reverse_symbol(b32_string[i]);
+                left_bits += 5;
+
+                while (left_bits >= 8) {
+                    auto val = static_cast<uint8_t>((bit_buffer >> (left_bits - 8)) & 0xff);
+                    retval.push_back(val);
+                    left_bits -= 8;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return retval;
+        } else {
+            throw decoding_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Incorrect padding");
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
--- a/navicat-keygen/base32_rfc4648.hpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/base32_rfc4648.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <limits>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "exception.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-keygen\\base32_rfc4648.hpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    struct base32_rfc4648 {
+        using alphabet_index_t = size_t;
+
+        static constexpr const char alphabet[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567";
+        static constexpr const char padding_character = '=';
+
+        class decoding_error : public ::nkg::exception {
+        public:
+            decoding_error(std::string_view file, int line, std::string_view message) noexcept :
+                ::nkg::exception(file, line, message) {}
+        };
+
+        static char symbol(alphabet_index_t idx);
+
+        static alphabet_index_t reverse_symbol(char c);
+
+        static std::string encode(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data);
+
+        static std::string encode(const void* data_ptr, size_t data_size);
+
+        static std::vector<uint8_t> decode(std::string_view b32_string);
+    };
+
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
--- a/navicat-keygen/base64_rfc4648.cpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/base64_rfc4648.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include "base64_rfc4648.hpp"
+
+#include <openssl/bio.h>
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+
+#include "resource_wrapper.hpp"
+#include "resource_traits/openssl/bio.hpp"
+#include "resource_traits/openssl/bio_chain.hpp"
+
+#pragma comment(lib, "libcrypto")
+#pragma comment(lib, "crypt32") // required by libcrypto.lib
+#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32")  // required by libcrypto.lib
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-keygen\\base64_rfc4648.cpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    std::string base64_rfc4648::encode(const std::vector<std::uint8_t>& data) {
+        resource_wrapper bio_b64{ resource_traits::openssl::bio_chain{}, BIO_new(BIO_f_base64()) };
+        if (bio_b64.is_valid() == false) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        BIO_set_flags(bio_b64.get(), BIO_FLAGS_BASE64_NO_NL);
+
+        resource_wrapper bio_memory{ resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()) };
+        if (bio_memory.is_valid() == false) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        BIO_push(bio_b64.get(), bio_memory.get());
+
+        for (size_t written_size = 0, left_size = data.size(); left_size != 0;) {
+            int size_to_write = static_cast<int>(std::min(left_size, static_cast<size_t>(INT_MAX)));
+
+            int r = BIO_write(bio_b64.get(), data.data() + written_size, size_to_write);
+            if (r > 0) {
+                written_size += r;
+                left_size -= r;
+            } else {
+                throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_write failed.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        BIO_flush(bio_b64.get());
+
+        const char* pch = nullptr;
+        long lch = BIO_get_mem_data(bio_memory.get(), &pch);
+
+        bio_memory.discard();   // the bio_chain `bio_b64` will free it
+
+        return std::string(pch, lch);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> base64_rfc4648::decode(std::string_view b64_string) {
+        resource_wrapper bio_b64{ resource_traits::openssl::bio_chain{}, BIO_new(BIO_f_base64()) };
+        if (bio_b64.is_valid() == false) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        BIO_set_flags(bio_b64.get(), BIO_FLAGS_BASE64_NO_NL);
+
+        resource_wrapper bio_memory{ resource_traits::openssl::bio{}, BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()) };
+        if (bio_memory.is_valid() == false) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        BIO_push(bio_b64.get(), bio_memory.get());
+
+        for (size_t written_length = 0, left_length = b64_string.length(); left_length != 0;) {
+            int length_to_write = static_cast<int>(std::min(left_length, static_cast<size_t>(INT_MAX)));
+
+            int r = BIO_write(bio_memory.get(), b64_string.data() + written_length, length_to_write);
+            if (r > 0) {
+                written_length += r;
+                left_length -= r;
+            } else {
+                throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"BIO_write failed.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::vector<uint8_t> retval;
+        retval.reserve(b64_string.length() * 3 / 4 + 1);
+
+        for (uint8_t buf[256];;) {
+            auto len = BIO_read(bio_b64.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
+            if (len > 0) {
+                retval.insert(retval.end(), buf, buf + len);
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        bio_memory.discard();   // the bio_chain `bio_b64` will free it
+
+        return retval;
+    }
+
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
--- a/navicat-keygen/base64_rfc4648.hpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/base64_rfc4648.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include "exception.hpp"
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    struct base64_rfc4648 {
+
+        class backend_error : public ::nkg::exception {
+        public:
+            backend_error(std::string_view file, int line, std::string_view message) noexcept :
+                ::nkg::exception(file, line, message) {}
+        };
+
+        static std::string encode(const std::vector<std::uint8_t>& data);
+        static std::vector<uint8_t> decode(std::string_view str_b64);
+    };
+
+}
--- a/navicat-keygen/main.cpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/main.cpp
@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include "Exception.hpp"
-#include "ExceptionGeneric.hpp"
-#include "RSACipher.hpp"
-#include "SerialNumberGenerator.hpp"
-
-namespace nkg {
-    using fnCollectInformation = SerialNumberGenerator();
-    using fnGenerateLicense = void(const RSACipher& Cipher, const SerialNumberGenerator& Generator);
-
-    SerialNumberGenerator CollectInformationNormal();
-    SerialNumberGenerator CollectInformationAdvanced();
-    void GenerateLicenseText(const RSACipher& Cipher, const SerialNumberGenerator& Generator);
-    void GenerateLicenseBinary(const RSACipher& Cipher, const SerialNumberGenerator& Generator);
-}
-
-static void Welcome() {
-    puts("**********************************************************");
-    puts("*       Navicat Keygen (Linux) by @DoubleLabyrinth       *");
-    puts("*                   Version: 1.0                         *");
-    puts("**********************************************************");
-    puts("");
-}
-
-static void Help() {
-    puts("Usage:");
-    puts("    navicat-keygen <--bin|--text> [--adv] <RSA-2048 Private Key File>");
-    puts("");
-    puts("    <--bin|--text>    Specify \"--bin\" to generate \"license_file\" used by Navicat 11.");
-    puts("                      Specify \"--text\" to generate base64-encoded activation code.");
-    puts("                      This parameter must be specified.");
-    puts("");
-    puts("    [--adv]                       Enable advance mode.");
-    puts("                                  This parameter is optional.");
-    puts("");
-    puts("    <RSA-2048 Private Key File>   A path to an RSA-2048 private key file.");
-    puts("                                  This parameter must be specified.");
-    puts("");
-    puts("Example:");
-    puts("    ./navicat-keygen --text ./RegPrivateKey.pem");
-}
-
-int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
-    Welcome();
-
-    if (argc == 3 || argc == 4) {
-        nkg::fnCollectInformation* lpfnCollectInformation = nullptr;
-        nkg::fnGenerateLicense* lpfnGenerateLicense = nullptr;
-
-        if (strcasecmp(argv[1], "--bin") == 0) {
-            lpfnGenerateLicense = nkg::GenerateLicenseBinary;
-        } else if (strcasecmp(argv[1], "--text") == 0) {
-            lpfnGenerateLicense = nkg::GenerateLicenseText;
-        } else {
-            Help();
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        if (argc == 4) {
-            if (strcasecmp(argv[2], "--adv") == 0) {
-                lpfnCollectInformation = nkg::CollectInformationAdvanced;
-            } else {
-                Help();
-                return -1;
-            }
-        } else {
-            lpfnCollectInformation = nkg::CollectInformationNormal;
-        }
-
-        try {
-            nkg::RSACipher Cipher;
-
-            Cipher.ImportKeyFromFile<nkg::RSAKeyType::PrivateKey, nkg::RSAKeyFormat::PEM>(argv[argc - 1]);
-            if (Cipher.Bits() != 2048) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "RSA key length mismatches.")
-                    .PushHint("You must provide an RSA key whose modulus length is 2048 bits.");
-            }
-
-            auto Generator = lpfnCollectInformation();
-
-            Generator.Generate();
-            Generator.ShowInConsole();
-
-            lpfnGenerateLicense(Cipher, Generator);
-
-            return 0;
-        } catch (ARL::EOFError&) {
-            return ECANCELED;
-        } catch (ARL::Exception& e) {
-            printf("[-] %s:%zu ->\n", e.ExceptionFile(), e.ExceptionLine());
-            printf("    %s\n", e.ExceptionMessage());
-
-            if (e.HasErrorCode()) {
-                printf("    %s (0x%zx)\n", e.ErrorString(), e.ErrorCode());
-            }
-
-            for (const auto& Hint : e.Hints()) {
-                printf("    Hints: %s\n", Hint.c_str());
-            }
-
-            return -1;
-        } catch (std::exception& e) {
-            printf("[-] %s\n", e.what());
-            return -1;
-        }
-    } else {
-        Help();
-        return -1;
-    }
-}
-
--- a/navicat-keygen/navicat-keygen.vcxproj
+++ b/navicat-keygen/navicat-keygen.vcxproj
@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <VCProjectVersion>16.0</VCProjectVersion>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+    <ProjectGuid>{6d262af4-5dac-4f0c-b3d6-23c9cbea9756}</ProjectGuid>
+    <RootNamespace>navicatkeygen</RootNamespace>
+    <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="Shared">
+    <Import Project="..\common\common.vcxitems" Label="Shared" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir>$(SolutionDir)\bin\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir>$(SolutionDir)\obj\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir>$(SolutionDir)\bin\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir>$(SolutionDir)\obj\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir>$(SolutionDir)\bin\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir>$(SolutionDir)\obj\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir>$(SolutionDir)\bin\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir>$(SolutionDir)\obj\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Vcpkg" />
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Vcpkg" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <VcpkgUseStatic>true</VcpkgUseStatic>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Vcpkg" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <VcpkgUseStatic>true</VcpkgUseStatic>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Vcpkg" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <VcpkgUseStatic>true</VcpkgUseStatic>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Vcpkg" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <VcpkgUseStatic>true</VcpkgUseStatic>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+      <LanguageStandard>stdcpp17</LanguageStandard>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+      <LanguageStandard>stdcpp17</LanguageStandard>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+      <LanguageStandard>stdcpp17</LanguageStandard>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+      <LanguageStandard>stdcpp17</LanguageStandard>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="base32_rfc4648.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="base64_rfc4648.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="CollectInformation.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="GenerateLicense.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="navicat_serial_generator.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="wmain.cpp" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="base32_rfc4648.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="base64_rfc4648.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="navicat_serial_generator.hpp" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/navicat-keygen/navicat-keygen.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/navicat-keygen/navicat-keygen.vcxproj.filters
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="源文件">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;c++;cppm;ixx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="头文件">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;h++;hm;inl;inc;ipp;xsd</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="资源文件">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="wmain.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="base64_rfc4648.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="navicat_serial_generator.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="CollectInformation.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="GenerateLicense.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="base32_rfc4648.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="base64_rfc4648.hpp">
+      <Filter>头文件</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="navicat_serial_generator.hpp">
+      <Filter>头文件</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="base32_rfc4648.hpp">
+      <Filter>头文件</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/navicat-keygen/navicat-keygen.vcxproj.user
+++ b/navicat-keygen/navicat-keygen.vcxproj.user
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="Current" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ShowAllFiles>true</ShowAllFiles>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/navicat-keygen/navicat_serial_generator.cpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/navicat_serial_generator.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+#include "navicat_serial_generator.hpp"
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+#include <openssl/rand.h>
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) == 0x30000000     // for openssl 3.x.x
+#include <openssl/provider.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "resource_wrapper.hpp"
+#include "resource_traits/openssl/evp_cipher_ctx.hpp"
+
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+#include "base32_rfc4648.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-keygen\\navicat_serial_generator.cpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    char navicat_serial_generator::_replace_confusing_chars(char c) noexcept {
+        if (c == 'I') {
+            return '8';
+        } else if (c == 'O') {
+            return '9';
+        } else {
+            return c;
+        }
+    };
+
+    navicat_serial_generator::navicat_serial_generator() noexcept :
+        m_data{ 0x68 , 0x2A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x32 }, m_des_key{} {}
+
+    void navicat_serial_generator::set_software_language(navicat_software_language lang) noexcept {
+        switch (lang) {
+            case navicat_software_language::English:
+                m_data[5] = 0xAC;       // Must be 0xAC for English version.
+                m_data[6] = 0x88;       // Must be 0x88 for English version.
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_language::SimplifiedChinese:
+                m_data[5] = 0xCE;       // Must be 0xCE for Simplified Chinese version.
+                m_data[6] = 0x32;       // Must be 0x32 for Simplified Chinese version.
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_language::TraditionalChinese:
+                m_data[5] = 0xAA;       // Must be 0xAA for Traditional Chinese version.
+                m_data[6] = 0x99;       // Must be 0x99 for Traditional Chinese version.
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_language::Japanese:
+                m_data[5] = 0xAD;       // Must be 0xAD for Japanese version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                m_data[6] = 0x82;       // Must be 0x82 for Japanese version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_language::Polish:
+                m_data[5] = 0xBB;       // Must be 0xBB for Polish version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                m_data[6] = 0x55;       // Must be 0x55 for Polish version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_language::Spanish:
+                m_data[5] = 0xAE;       // Must be 0xAE for Spanish version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                m_data[6] = 0x10;       // Must be 0x10 for Spanish version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_language::French:
+                m_data[5] = 0xFA;       // Must be 0xFA for French version. Discoverer: @Deltafox79
+                m_data[6] = 0x20;       // Must be 0x20 for French version. Discoverer: @Deltafox79
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_language::German:
+                m_data[5] = 0xB1;       // Must be 0xB1 for German version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                m_data[6] = 0x60;       // Must be 0x60 for German version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_language::Korean:
+                m_data[5] = 0xB5;       // Must be 0xB5 for Korean version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                m_data[6] = 0x60;       // Must be 0x60 for Korean version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_language::Russian:
+                m_data[5] = 0xEE;       // Must be 0xB5 for Russian version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                m_data[6] = 0x16;       // Must be 0x60 for Russian version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_language::Portuguese:
+                m_data[5] = 0xCD;       // Must be 0xCD for Portuguese version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                m_data[6] = 0x49;       // Must be 0x49 for Portuguese version. Discoverer: @dragonflylee
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void navicat_serial_generator::set_software_language(uint8_t lang_sig0, uint8_t lang_sig1) noexcept {
+        m_data[5] = lang_sig0;
+        m_data[6] = lang_sig1;
+    }
+
+    void navicat_serial_generator::set_software_type(navicat_software_type software_type) noexcept {
+        switch (software_type) {
+            case navicat_software_type::DataModeler:
+                m_data[7] = 0x84;
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_type::Premium:
+                m_data[7] = 0x65;
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_type::MySQL:
+                m_data[7] = 0x68;
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_type::PostgreSQL:
+                m_data[7] = 0x6C;
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_type::Oracle:
+                m_data[7] = 0x70;
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_type::SQLServer:
+                m_data[7] = 0x74;
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_type::SQLite:
+                m_data[7] = 0x78;
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_type::MariaDB:
+                m_data[7] = 0x7C;
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_type::MongoDB:
+                m_data[7] = 0x80;
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_type::ReportViewer:
+                m_data[7] = 0xb;
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_type::ChartsCreator:
+                m_data[7] = 0x86;
+                break;
+            case navicat_software_type::ChartsViewer:
+                m_data[7] = 0x88;
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void navicat_serial_generator::set_software_type(uint8_t software_type_sig) noexcept {
+        m_data[7] = software_type_sig;
+    }
+
+    void navicat_serial_generator::set_software_version(int ver) {
+        if (1 <= ver && ver < 16) {
+            static_assert(sizeof(m_des_key) == sizeof(s_des_key0));
+
+            m_data[8] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((ver << 4) | (m_data[8] & 0x0f));
+            memcpy(m_des_key, s_des_key0, sizeof(s_des_key0));
+        } else if (16 <= ver && ver < 32) {
+            static_assert(sizeof(m_des_key) == sizeof(s_des_key1));
+
+            m_data[8] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(((ver - 16) << 4) | (m_data[8] & 0x0f));
+            memcpy(m_des_key, s_des_key1, sizeof(s_des_key1));
+        } else {
+            throw version_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Invalid navicat version.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void navicat_serial_generator::generate() {
+        RAND_bytes(m_data + 2, 3);
+
+#if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER & 0xf0000000) == 0x30000000     // for openssl 3.x.x
+        if (!OSSL_PROVIDER_available(nullptr, "legacy")) {
+            if (OSSL_PROVIDER_load(nullptr, "legacy") == nullptr) {
+                throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"OSSL_PROVIDER_load failed.");
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        resource_wrapper evp_cipher_context{ resource_traits::openssl::evp_cipher_ctx{}, EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new() };
+        if (!evp_cipher_context.is_valid()) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (EVP_EncryptInit(evp_cipher_context.get(), EVP_des_ecb(), m_des_key, nullptr) <= 0) {     // return 1 for success and 0 for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_EncryptInit failed.");
+        }
+
+        if (int _; EVP_EncryptUpdate(evp_cipher_context.get(), m_data + 2, &_, m_data + 2, 8) <= 0) {   // return 1 for success and 0 for failure
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"EVP_EncryptUpdate failed.");
+        }
+
+        m_serial_number = base32_rfc4648::encode(m_data, sizeof(m_data));
+        std::transform(m_serial_number.begin(), m_serial_number.end(), m_serial_number.begin(), _replace_confusing_chars);
+
+        std::string_view sn = m_serial_number;
+        m_serial_number_formatted = fmt::format("{}-{}-{}-{}", sn.substr(0, 4), sn.substr(4, 4), sn.substr(8, 4), sn.substr(12, 4));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    const std::string& navicat_serial_generator::serial_number() const noexcept {
+        return m_serial_number;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    const std::string& navicat_serial_generator::serial_number_formatted() const noexcept {
+        return m_serial_number_formatted;
+    }
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
--- a/navicat-keygen/navicat_serial_generator.hpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/navicat_serial_generator.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include "exception.hpp"
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    enum class navicat_software_language {
+        English,
+        SimplifiedChinese,
+        TraditionalChinese,
+        Japanese,
+        Polish,
+        Spanish,
+        French,
+        German,
+        Korean,
+        Russian,
+        Portuguese
+    };
+
+    enum class navicat_software_type {
+        DataModeler,
+        Premium,
+        MySQL,
+        PostgreSQL,
+        Oracle,
+        SQLServer,
+        SQLite,
+        MariaDB,
+        MongoDB,
+        ReportViewer,
+        ChartsCreator,
+        ChartsViewer
+    };
+
+    class navicat_serial_generator {
+    public:
+        class version_error;
+        class backend_error;
+
+    private:
+        static inline const uint8_t s_des_key0[8] = {0x64, 0xAD, 0xF3, 0x2F, 0xAE, 0xF2, 0x1A, 0x27};
+        static inline const uint8_t s_des_key1[8] = {0xE9, 0x7F, 0xB0, 0x60, 0x77, 0x45, 0x90, 0xAE};
+
+        uint8_t m_data[10];
+        uint8_t m_des_key[8];
+        std::string m_serial_number;
+        std::string m_serial_number_formatted;
+
+        static char _replace_confusing_chars(char c) noexcept;
+
+    public:
+        navicat_serial_generator() noexcept;
+
+        void set_software_language(navicat_software_language lang) noexcept;
+        void set_software_language(uint8_t lang_sig0, uint8_t lang_sig1) noexcept;
+
+        void set_software_type(navicat_software_type software_type) noexcept;
+        void set_software_type(uint8_t software_type_sig) noexcept;
+
+        void set_software_version(int Version);
+
+        void generate();
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        const std::string& serial_number() const noexcept;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        const std::string& serial_number_formatted() const noexcept;
+    };
+
+    class navicat_serial_generator::version_error : public ::nkg::exception {
+        using ::nkg::exception::exception;
+    };
+
+    class navicat_serial_generator::backend_error : public ::nkg::exception {
+        using ::nkg::exception::exception;
+    };
+
+}
+
--- a/navicat-keygen/wmain.cpp
+++ b/navicat-keygen/wmain.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "exception.hpp"
+#include "exceptions/operation_canceled_exception.hpp"
+
+#include "cp_converter.hpp"
+#include "base64_rfc4648.hpp"
+#include "navicat_serial_generator.hpp"
+#include "rsa_cipher.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-keygen\\wmain.cpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+    using fnCollectInformation = std::function<navicat_serial_generator()>;
+    using fnGenerateLicense = std::function<void(const rsa_cipher& cipher, const navicat_serial_generator& generator)>;
+
+    navicat_serial_generator CollectInformationNormal();
+    navicat_serial_generator CollectInformationAdvanced();
+    void GenerateLicenseText(const rsa_cipher& cipher, const navicat_serial_generator& sn_generator);
+    void GenerateLicenseBinary(const rsa_cipher& cipher, const navicat_serial_generator& sn_generator);
+}
+
+static void welcome() {
+    _putws(L"***************************************************");
+    _putws(L"*       navicat-keygen by @DoubleLabyrinth        *");
+    _putws(L"*                version: 16.0.7.0-2              *");
+    _putws(L"***************************************************");
+    _putws(L"");
+}
+
+static void help() {
+    _putws(L"Usage:");
+    _putws(L"    navicat-keygen.exe <-bin|-text> [-adv] <RSA-2048 Private Key File>");
+    _putws(L"");
+    _putws(L"    <-bin|-text>       Specify \"-bin\" to generate \"license_file\" used by Navicat 11.");
+    _putws(L"                       Specify \"-text\" to generate base64-encoded activation code.");
+    _putws(L"                       This parameter is mandatory.");
+    _putws(L"");
+    _putws(L"    [-adv]             Enable advance mode.");
+    _putws(L"                       This parameter is optional.");
+    _putws(L"");
+    _putws(L"    <RSA-2048 Private Key File>    A path to an RSA-2048 private key file.");
+    _putws(L"                                   This parameter is mandatory.");
+    _putws(L"");
+    _putws(L"Example:");
+    _putws(L"    navicat-keygen.exe -text .\\RegPrivateKey.pem");
+}
+
+int wmain(int argc, wchar_t* argv[]) {
+    welcome();
+
+    if (argc == 3 || argc == 4) {
+        nkg::fnCollectInformation lpfnCollectInformation;
+        nkg::fnGenerateLicense lpfnGenerateLicense;
+
+        if (_wcsicmp(argv[1], L"-bin") == 0) {
+            lpfnGenerateLicense = nkg::GenerateLicenseBinary;
+        } else if (_wcsicmp(argv[1], L"-text") == 0) {
+            lpfnGenerateLicense = nkg::GenerateLicenseText;
+        } else {
+            help();
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (argc == 3) {
+            lpfnCollectInformation = nkg::CollectInformationNormal;
+        } else if (argc == 4 && _wcsicmp(argv[2], L"-adv") == 0) {
+            lpfnCollectInformation = nkg::CollectInformationAdvanced;
+        } else {
+            help();
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            nkg::rsa_cipher cipher;
+
+            cipher.import_private_key_file(nkg::cp_converter<-1, CP_UTF8>::convert(argv[argc - 1]));
+            if (cipher.bits() != 2048) {
+                throw nkg::exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"RSA key length != 2048 bits.")
+                    .push_hint(u8"You must provide an RSA key whose modulus length is 2048 bits.");
+            }
+
+            auto sn_generator = lpfnCollectInformation();
+            sn_generator.generate();
+
+            _putws(L"[*] Serial number:");
+            _putws(nkg::cp_converter<CP_UTF8, -1>::convert(sn_generator.serial_number_formatted()).c_str());
+            _putws(L"");
+
+            lpfnGenerateLicense(cipher, sn_generator);
+
+            return 0;
+        } catch (nkg::exceptions::operation_canceled_exception&) {
+            return -1;
+        } catch (nkg::exception& e) {
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] %s:%d ->\n", nkg::cp_converter<CP_UTF8, -1>::convert(e.source_file()).c_str(), e.source_line());
+            wprintf_s(L"    %s\n", nkg::cp_converter<CP_UTF8, -1>::convert(e.custom_message()).c_str());
+
+            if (e.error_code_exists()) {
+                wprintf_s(L"    %s (0x%zx)\n", nkg::cp_converter<CP_UTF8, -1>::convert(e.error_string()).c_str(), e.error_code());
+            }
+
+            for (auto& hint : e.hints()) {
+                wprintf_s(L"    Hints: %s\n", nkg::cp_converter<CP_UTF8, -1>::convert(hint).c_str());
+            }
+
+            return -1;
+        } catch (std::exception& e) {
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] %s\n", nkg::cp_converter<CP_UTF8, -1>::convert(e.what()).c_str());
+            return -1;
+        }
+    } else {
+        help();
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
--- a/navicat-patcher/CapstoneDisassembler.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/CapstoneDisassembler.cpp
@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-#include "CapstoneDisassembler.hpp"
-
-namespace nkg {
-
-    CapstoneDisassembler::CapstoneDisassembler(const CapstoneEngine& Engine) :
-        ARL::ResourceWrapper<ARL::ResourceTraits::CapstoneInsn>(cs_malloc(Engine)),
-        m_Engine(Engine),
-        m_CurrentState{},
-        m_NextState{},
-        m_lpCurrentInsn(nullptr)
-    {
-        if (IsValid() == false) {
-            throw ARL::CapstoneError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, cs_errno(Engine), "cs_malloc failed.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    CapstoneDisassembler& CapstoneDisassembler::SetContext(const CapstoneContext& Ctx) noexcept {
-        m_lpCurrentInsn = nullptr;
-
-        m_CurrentState.lpMachineCode = nullptr;
-        m_CurrentState.cbMachineCode = 0;
-        m_CurrentState.Address = 0;
-
-        m_NextState = Ctx;
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    const CapstoneContext& CapstoneDisassembler::GetContext() const noexcept {
-        return m_NextState;
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    bool CapstoneDisassembler::Next() noexcept {
-        bool bSucceed;
-        CapstoneContext backup = m_NextState;
-
-        bSucceed = cs_disasm_iter(m_Engine.Get(), reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t**>(&m_NextState.lpMachineCode), &m_NextState.cbMachineCode, &m_NextState.Address, Get());
-        if (bSucceed) {
-            if (m_lpCurrentInsn == nullptr) {
-                m_lpCurrentInsn = Get();
-            }
-
-            m_CurrentState = backup;
-        } else {
-            m_lpCurrentInsn = nullptr;
-        }
-
-        return bSucceed;
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    const cs_insn* CapstoneDisassembler::GetInstruction() const noexcept {
-        return m_lpCurrentInsn;
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    const CapstoneContext& CapstoneDisassembler::GetInstructionContext() const noexcept {
-        return m_CurrentState;
-    }
-
-    CapstoneEngine::CapstoneEngine(cs_arch ArchType, cs_mode Mode) {
-        auto err = cs_open(ArchType, Mode, GetAddressOf());
-        if (err != CS_ERR_OK) {
-            throw ARL::CapstoneError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, err, "cs_open failed.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    void CapstoneEngine::Option(cs_opt_type Type, cs_opt_value Value) {
-        auto err = cs_option(Get(), Type, Value);
-        if (err != CS_ERR_OK) {
-            throw ARL::CapstoneError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, err, "cs_option failed.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    const char* CapstoneEngine::GetGroupName(unsigned int group_id) const noexcept {
-        return cs_group_name(Get(), group_id);
-    }
-
-    const char* CapstoneEngine::GetInstructionName(unsigned int instruction_id) const noexcept {
-        return cs_insn_name(Get(), instruction_id);
-    }
-
-    const char* CapstoneEngine::GetRegisterName(unsigned int register_id) const noexcept {
-        return cs_reg_name(Get(), register_id);
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    CapstoneDisassembler CapstoneEngine::CreateDisassembler() const {
-        return CapstoneDisassembler(*this);
-    }
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/CapstoneDisassembler.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/CapstoneDisassembler.hpp
@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <capstone/capstone.h>
-#include "ExceptionCapstone.hpp"
-#include "ResourceWrapper.hpp"
-#include "ResourceTraitsCapstone.hpp"
-
-namespace nkg {
-
-    struct CapstoneContext {
-        const void* lpMachineCode;
-        size_t      cbMachineCode;
-        uint64_t    Address;
-    };
-
-    class CapstoneEngine;
-
-    class CapstoneDisassembler : private ARL::ResourceWrapper<ARL::ResourceTraits::CapstoneInsn> {
-        friend class CapstoneEngine;
-    private:
-
-        const CapstoneEngine&   m_Engine;
-        CapstoneContext         m_CurrentState;
-        CapstoneContext         m_NextState;
-        cs_insn*                m_lpCurrentInsn;
-
-        CapstoneDisassembler(const CapstoneEngine& Engine);
-
-    public:
-
-        CapstoneDisassembler& SetContext(const CapstoneContext& Ctx) noexcept;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const CapstoneContext& GetContext() const noexcept;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        bool Next() noexcept;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const cs_insn* GetInstruction() const noexcept;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const CapstoneContext& GetInstructionContext() const noexcept;
-    };
-
-    class CapstoneEngine : private ARL::ResourceWrapper<ARL::ResourceTraits::CapstoneHandle> {
-        friend class CapstoneDisassembler;
-    public:
-
-        CapstoneEngine(cs_arch ArchType, cs_mode Mode);
-
-        void Option(cs_opt_type Type, cs_opt_value Value);
-
-        const char* GetGroupName(unsigned int group_id) const noexcept;
-
-        const char* GetInstructionName(unsigned int instruction_id) const noexcept;
-
-        const char* GetRegisterName(unsigned int register_id) const noexcept;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        CapstoneDisassembler CreateDisassembler() const;
-    };
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/Elf64Interpreter.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/Elf64Interpreter.cpp
@ -1,406 +0,0 @@
-#include "Elf64Interpreter.hpp"
-#include "Exception.hpp"
-#include "ExceptionGeneric.hpp"
-#include <memory.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-namespace nkg {
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    Elf64Interpreter Elf64Interpreter::Parse(const void* lpImage, size_t cbImage) {
-        Elf64Interpreter Interpreter;
-
-        //
-        // Checking ELF header
-        //
-
-        Interpreter.m_ElfSize = cbImage;
-        Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr = reinterpret_cast<const Elf64_Ehdr*>(lpImage);
-        if (ARL::AddressIsInRangeEx(Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr, sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr), lpImage, cbImage) == false) {
-            throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: image is corrupted.");
-        }
-
-        if (memcmp(Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) != 0) {
-            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: header magic check failure.");
-        }
-
-        if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFCLASS64) {
-            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Unsupported ELF file: not ELF64 image.");
-        }
-
-        switch (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_ident[EI_DATA]) {
-            case ELFDATA2LSB:
-                if (__BYTE_ORDER__ != __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__) {
-                    throw ARL::NotImplementedError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Unsupported ELF file: unsupported endian.");
-                }
-                break;
-            case ELFDATA2MSB:
-                if (__BYTE_ORDER__ != __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__) {
-                    throw ARL::NotImplementedError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Unsupported ELF file: unsupported endian.");
-                }
-                break;
-            default:
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: unknown endian.");
-        }
-
-        if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] != EV_CURRENT) {
-            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Ehdr::e_ident[EI_VERSION] check failure.");
-        }
-
-        // Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_ident[EI_OSABI]
-        // Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]
-
-        for (int i = EI_PAD; i < sizeof(Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_ident); ++i) {
-            if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_ident[i] != 0) {
-                throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Ehdr::e_ident padding contains non-zero byte(s).");
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_version != EV_CURRENT) {
-            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Ehdr::e_version check failure.");
-        }
-
-        if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_ehsize != sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr)) {
-            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Ehdr::e_ehsize check failure.");
-        }
-
-        if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_phoff && Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_phentsize && Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_phnum) {
-            if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_phentsize != sizeof(Elf64_Phdr)) {
-                throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Ehdr::e_phentsize check failure.");
-            }
-
-            Interpreter.m_lpElfProgramHdr = 
-                ARL::AddressOffsetWithCast<Elf64_Phdr*>(lpImage, Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_phoff);
-
-            auto a1 = Interpreter.m_lpElfProgramHdr;
-            auto a2 = Interpreter.m_lpElfProgramHdr + Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_phnum;
-            if (a1 < a2) {
-                if (ARL::AddressIsInRangeEx(a1, a2, lpImage, cbImage) == false) {
-                    throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: image is corrupted.");
-                }
-            } else {
-                throw ARL::OverflowError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: program header table overflowed.");
-            }
-        } else if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_phoff == 0 && Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_phentsize == 0 && Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_phnum == 0) {
-            Interpreter.m_lpElfProgramHdr = nullptr;
-        } else {
-            throw ARL::ValueError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Ehdr::e_ph* check failure.");
-        }
-
-        if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shoff && Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shentsize && Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum) {
-            if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shentsize != sizeof(Elf64_Shdr)) {
-                throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Ehdr::e_shentsize check failure.");
-            }
-
-            Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr = 
-                ARL::AddressOffsetWithCast<Elf64_Shdr*>(lpImage, Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shoff);
-            
-            auto b1 = Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr;
-            auto b2 = Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr + Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum;
-            if (b1 < b2) {
-                if (ARL::AddressIsInRangeEx(b1, b2, lpImage, cbImage) == false) {
-                    throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: image is corrupted.");
-                }
-            } else {
-                throw ARL::OverflowError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: section header table overflowed.");
-            }
-        } else if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shoff == 0 && Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shentsize == 0 && Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum == 0) {
-            Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr = nullptr;
-        } else {
-            throw ARL::ValueError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Ehdr::e_sh* check failure.");
-        }
-
-        if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shstrndx != SHN_UNDEF) {
-            if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shstrndx >= Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum) {
-                throw ARL::IndexError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Ehdr::e_shstrndx is out of range.");
-            }
-        }
-
-        //
-        // Checking program header table and section header table
-        //
-
-        if (Interpreter.m_lpElfProgramHdr && Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr) {
-            auto a1 = Interpreter.m_lpElfProgramHdr;
-            auto a2 = Interpreter.m_lpElfProgramHdr + Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_phnum;
-            auto b1 = Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr;
-            auto b2 = Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr + Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum;
-            bool NotOverlapped = 
-                (ARL::AddressDelta(a1, b1) < 0 && ARL::AddressDelta(a2, b1) <= 0) || 
-                (ARL::AddressDelta(b1, a1) < 0 && ARL::AddressDelta(b2, a1) <= 0);
-            if (NotOverlapped == false) {
-                throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: program header table and section header table overlap.");
-            }
-        }
-
-        //
-        // Parsing program header
-        //
-        {
-            for (decltype(Elf64_Ehdr::e_phnum) i = 0; i < Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_phnum; ++i) {
-                const auto& proghdr = Interpreter.m_lpElfProgramHdr[i];
-
-                if (ARL::AddressIsInRangeEx(ARL::AddressOffset(lpImage, proghdr.p_offset), proghdr.p_filesz, lpImage, cbImage) == false) {
-                    throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: image is corrupted.");
-                }
-
-                if (auto p_align = proghdr.p_align; p_align) {
-                    // align must be a power of 2
-                    if ((p_align & (p_align - 1)) != 0) {
-                        throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Phdr[%u]: p_align is not a power of 2.", i);
-                    }
-
-                    if (proghdr.p_offset % p_align != proghdr.p_vaddr % p_align) {
-                        throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Phdr[%u]: p_offset !== p_vaddr (mod p_align).", i);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // todo
-            }
-        }
-
-        // 
-        // Parsing section header
-        //
-        {
-            const Elf64_Shdr* sechdr_shstrtab;
-            const char* secview_shstrtab;
-            if (Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shstrndx != SHN_UNDEF) {
-                sechdr_shstrtab = &Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr[Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shstrndx];
-                secview_shstrtab = ARL::AddressOffsetWithCast<const char*>(lpImage, sechdr_shstrtab->sh_offset);
-
-                if (sechdr_shstrtab->sh_type != SHT_STRTAB) {
-                    throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: sechdr_shstrtab->sh_type != SHT_STRTAB.");
-                }
-
-                if (ARL::AddressIsInRangeEx(secview_shstrtab, sechdr_shstrtab->sh_size, lpImage, cbImage) == false) {
-                    throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: image is corrupted.");
-                }
-            } else {
-                sechdr_shstrtab = nullptr;
-                secview_shstrtab = nullptr;
-            }
-
-            for (decltype(Elf64_Ehdr::e_shnum) i = 0; i < Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum; ++i) {
-                auto& sechdr = Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr[i];
-
-                //
-                // checking sh_type
-                //
-                switch (sechdr.sh_type) {
-                    case SHT_SYMTAB:
-                        if (sechdr.sh_entsize != sizeof(Elf64_Sym)) {
-                            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_entsize != sizeof(Elf64_Dyn).", i);
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case SHT_RELA:
-                        if (sechdr.sh_entsize != sizeof(Elf64_Rela)) {
-                            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_entsize != sizeof(Elf64_Rela).", i);
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case SHT_DYNAMIC:
-                        if (sechdr.sh_entsize != sizeof(Elf64_Dyn)) {
-                            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_entsize != sizeof(Elf64_Dyn).", i);
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case SHT_REL:
-                        if (sechdr.sh_entsize != sizeof(Elf64_Rel)) {
-                            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_entsize != sizeof(Elf64_Rel).", i);
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case SHT_DYNSYM:
-                        if (sechdr.sh_entsize != sizeof(Elf64_Sym)) {
-                            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_entsize != sizeof(Elf64_Dyn).", i);
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        break;
-                }
-
-                //
-                // checking sh_link and sh_info
-                //
-                switch (sechdr.sh_type) {
-                    case SHT_DYNAMIC:
-                        if (sechdr.sh_link == SHN_UNDEF) {
-                            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_link == SHN_UNDEF.", i);
-                        }
-
-                        if (sechdr.sh_link < Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum) {
-                            if (Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr[sechdr.sh_link].sh_type != SHT_STRTAB) {
-                                throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: incorrect value of sh_link.", i);
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            throw ARL::IndexError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_link is out of range.", i);
-                        }
-
-                        if (sechdr.sh_info != 0) {
-                            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_info != 0.", i);
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case SHT_HASH:
-                        if (sechdr.sh_link == SHN_UNDEF) {
-                            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_link == SHN_UNDEF.", i);
-                        }
-
-                        if (sechdr.sh_link < Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum) {
-                            if (Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr[sechdr.sh_link].sh_type != SHT_SYMTAB && Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr[sechdr.sh_link].sh_type != SHT_DYNSYM) {
-                                throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: incorrect value of sh_link.", i);
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            throw ARL::IndexError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_link is out of range.", i);
-                        }
-
-                        if (sechdr.sh_info != 0) {
-                            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_info != 0.", i);
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case SHT_RELA:
-                    case SHT_REL:
-                        if (sechdr.sh_link == SHN_UNDEF) {
-                            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_link == SHN_UNDEF.", i);
-                        }
-
-                        if (sechdr.sh_link < Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum) {
-                            if (Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr[sechdr.sh_link].sh_type != SHT_SYMTAB && Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr[sechdr.sh_link].sh_type != SHT_DYNSYM) {
-                                throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: incorrect value of sh_link.", i);
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            throw ARL::IndexError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_link is out of range.", i);
-                        }
-
-                        if (sechdr.sh_flags & SHF_INFO_LINK) {
-                            if (sechdr.sh_info == SHN_UNDEF) {
-                                throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_info == SHN_UNDEF.", i);
-                            }
-
-                            if (sechdr.sh_info >= Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum) {
-                                throw ARL::IndexError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_info is out of range.", i);
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            if (sechdr.sh_info != 0) {
-                                throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_info != 0.", i);
-                            }
-                        }
-                        break;
-                    case SHT_SYMTAB:
-                    case SHT_DYNSYM:
-                        if (sechdr.sh_link == SHN_UNDEF) {
-                            throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_link == SHN_UNDEF.", i);
-                        }
-
-                        if (sechdr.sh_link < Interpreter.m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum) {
-                            if (Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr[sechdr.sh_link].sh_type != SHT_STRTAB) {
-                                throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: incorrect value of sh_link.", i);
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            throw ARL::IndexError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_link is out of range.", i);
-                        }
-
-                        // todo: check sh_info
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        break;
-                }
-
-                if (sechdr.sh_type != SHT_NOBITS) {
-                    if (ARL::AddressIsInRangeEx(ARL::AddressOffset(lpImage, sechdr.sh_offset), sechdr.sh_size, lpImage, cbImage) == false) {
-                        throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: image is corrupted.", i);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (sechdr.sh_addr) {
-                    if (sechdr.sh_addralign && sechdr.sh_addr % sechdr.sh_addralign != 0) {
-                        throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Bad ELF file: Elf64_Shdr[%u]: sh_addr is not aligned to sh_addralign.", i);
-                    }
-
-                    Interpreter.m_SectionRvaMap.emplace(
-                        std::make_pair(
-                            sechdr.sh_addr,
-                            Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr + i
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-
-                if (sechdr.sh_type != SHT_NOBITS) {
-                    Interpreter.m_SectionOffsetMap.emplace(
-                        std::make_pair(
-                            sechdr.sh_offset,
-                            Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr + i
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-
-                if (secview_shstrtab) {
-                    Interpreter.m_SectionNameMap.emplace(
-                        std::make_pair(
-                            std::string(ARL::AddressOffset(secview_shstrtab, sechdr.sh_name)),
-                            Interpreter.m_lpElfSectionHdr + i
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-
-                // todo
-            }
-        }
-
-        return Interpreter;
-    }
-
-    size_t Elf64Interpreter::ElfSize() const noexcept {
-        return m_ElfSize;
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    const Elf64_Phdr* Elf64Interpreter::ElfProgramHeader(size_t Idx) const {
-        if (Idx < m_lpElfHdr->e_phnum) {
-            return m_lpElfProgramHdr + Idx;
-        } else {
-            throw ARL::IndexError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Elf64Interpreter: Idx is out of range.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    const Elf64_Shdr* Elf64Interpreter::ElfSectionHeader(size_t Idx) const {
-        if (Idx < m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum) {
-            return m_lpElfSectionHdr + Idx;
-        } else {
-            throw ARL::IndexError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Elf64Interpreter: Idx is out of range.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    const Elf64_Shdr* Elf64Interpreter::ElfSectionHeader(std::string_view SectionName) const {
-        auto it = m_SectionNameMap.find(std::string(SectionName));
-        if (it != m_SectionNameMap.end()) {
-            return it->second;
-        } else {
-            throw ARL::KeyError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Elf64Interpreter: section %s is not found.", SectionName.data());
-        }
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    Elf64_Off Elf64Interpreter::ConvertRvaToOffset(Elf64_Addr Rva) const {
-        auto it = m_SectionRvaMap.upper_bound(Rva);
-        if (it != m_SectionRvaMap.begin()) {
-            --it;
-            if (it->second->sh_addr <= Rva && Rva < it->second->sh_addr + it->second->sh_size) {
-                return it->second->sh_offset + (Rva - it->second->sh_addr);
-            }
-        }
-        throw ARL::KeyError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Elf64Interpreter: Invalid RVA.");
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    Elf64_Addr Elf64Interpreter::ConvertOffsetToRva(Elf64_Off Offset) const {
-        auto it = m_SectionOffsetMap.upper_bound(Offset);
-        if (it != m_SectionOffsetMap.begin()) {
-            --it;
-            if (it->second->sh_offset <= Offset && Offset < it->second->sh_offset + it->second->sh_size) {
-                return it->second->sh_addr + (Offset - it->second->sh_offset);
-            }
-        }
-        throw ARL::KeyError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Elf64Interpreter: Invalid Offset.");
-    }
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/Elf64Interpreter.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/Elf64Interpreter.hpp
@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-    #include <libelf/libelf.h>
-#else
-    #include <elf.h>
-#endif
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-#include <map>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <utility>
-#include "MemoryAccess.hpp"
-
-namespace nkg {
-
-    class Elf64Interpreter {
-    private:
-
-        size_t              m_ElfSize;
-        const Elf64_Ehdr*   m_lpElfHdr;
-        const Elf64_Phdr*   m_lpElfProgramHdr;
-        const Elf64_Shdr*   m_lpElfSectionHdr;
-        std::map<Elf64_Addr, const Elf64_Shdr*>     m_SectionRvaMap;
-        std::map<Elf64_Off, const Elf64_Shdr*>      m_SectionOffsetMap;
-        std::map<std::string, const Elf64_Shdr*>    m_SectionNameMap;
-
-    protected:
-
-        Elf64Interpreter() :
-            m_ElfSize(0),
-            m_lpElfHdr(nullptr),
-            m_lpElfProgramHdr(nullptr),
-            m_lpElfSectionHdr(nullptr) {}
-
-    public:
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        static Elf64Interpreter Parse(const void* lpImage, size_t cbImage);
-
-        size_t ElfSize() const noexcept;
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __ReturnType ElfBase() const noexcept {
-            static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__ReturnType>);
-            return reinterpret_cast<__ReturnType>(const_cast<Elf64_Ehdr*>(m_lpElfHdr));
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __ReturnType ElfOffset(Elf64_Off Offset) const noexcept {
-            static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__ReturnType>);
-            return ARL::AddressOffsetWithCast<__ReturnType>(m_lpElfHdr, Offset);
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const Elf64_Ehdr* ElfHeader() const noexcept {
-            return m_lpElfHdr;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        size_t NumberOfElfProgramHeaders() const noexcept {
-            return m_lpElfHdr->e_phnum;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const Elf64_Phdr* ElfProgramHeader(size_t Idx) const;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        size_t NumberOfElfSectionHeaders() const noexcept {
-            return m_lpElfHdr->e_shnum;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const Elf64_Shdr* ElfSectionHeader(size_t Idx) const;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const Elf64_Shdr* ElfSectionHeader(std::string_view SectionName) const;
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __ReturnType ElfSectionView(const Elf64_Shdr* SectionHeader, Elf64_Off Offset = 0) const noexcept {
-            return ElfOffset<__ReturnType>(SectionHeader->sh_offset + Offset);
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __ReturnType ElfSectionView(size_t Idx, Elf64_Off Offset = 0) const noexcept {
-            return ElfOffset<__ReturnType>(ElfSectionHeader(Idx)->sh_offset + Offset);
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __ReturnType ElfSectionView(std::string_view SectionName, Elf64_Off Offset = 0) const noexcept {
-            return ElfOffset<__ReturnType>(ElfSectionHeader(SectionName)->sh_offset + Offset);
-        }
-
-        //
-        // Other
-        //
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*, typename __HintType>
-        __ReturnType SearchElfSectionView(const Elf64_Shdr* SectionHeader, __HintType&& Hint) const noexcept {
-            auto secview = ElfSectionView<const uint8_t*>(SectionHeader);
-            for (decltype(Elf64_Shdr::sh_size) i = 0; i < SectionHeader->sh_size; ++i) {
-                if (Hint(secview, i, SectionHeader->sh_size)) {
-                    return reinterpret_cast<__ReturnType>(const_cast<uint8_t*>(secview + i));
-                }
-            }
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*, typename __HintType>
-        __ReturnType SearchElfSectionView(const Elf64_Shdr* SectionHeader, Elf64_Off Offset, __HintType&& Hint) const noexcept {
-            auto secview = ElfSectionView<const uint8_t*>(SectionHeader);
-            for (decltype(Elf64_Shdr::sh_size) i = Offset; i < SectionHeader->sh_size; ++i) {
-                if (Hint(secview, i, SectionHeader->sh_size)) {
-                    return reinterpret_cast<__ReturnType>(const_cast<uint8_t*>(secview + i));
-                }
-            }
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*, typename __HintType>
-        __ReturnType SearchElfSectionView(size_t Idx, __HintType&& Hint) const noexcept {
-            return SearchElfSectionView<__ReturnType>(ElfSectionHeader(Idx), std::forward<__HintType>(Hint));
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*, typename __HintType>
-        __ReturnType SearchElfSectionView(size_t Idx, Elf64_Off Offset, __HintType&& Hint) const noexcept {
-            return SearchElfSectionView<__ReturnType>(ElfSectionHeader(Idx), Offset, std::forward<__HintType>(Hint));
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*, typename __HintType>
-        __ReturnType SearchElfSectionView(std::string_view SectionName, __HintType&& Hint) const noexcept {
-            return SearchElfSectionView<__ReturnType>(ElfSectionHeader(SectionName), std::forward<__HintType>(Hint));
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*, typename __HintType>
-        __ReturnType SearchElfSectionView(std::string_view SectionName, Elf64_Off Offset, __HintType&& Hint) const noexcept {
-            return SearchElfSectionView<__ReturnType>(ElfSectionHeader(SectionName), Offset, std::forward<__HintType>(Hint));
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const auto& ElfSectionRvaMap() const noexcept {
-            return m_SectionRvaMap;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const auto& ElfSectionOffsetMap() const noexcept {
-            return m_SectionOffsetMap;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        const auto& ElfSectionNameMap() const noexcept {
-            return m_SectionNameMap;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        Elf64_Off ConvertRvaToOffset(Elf64_Addr Rva) const;
-
-        template<typename __PtrType>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        Elf64_Off ConvertPtrToOffset(__PtrType Ptr) const {
-            return ARL::AddressDelta(Ptr, m_lpElfHdr);
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        Elf64_Addr ConvertOffsetToRva(Elf64_Off Offset) const;
-
-        template<typename __PtrType>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        Elf64_Addr ConvertPtrToRva(__PtrType Ptr) const {
-            return ConvertOffsetToRva(ConvertPtrToOffset(Ptr));
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __ReturnType ConvertRvaToPtr(Elf64_Addr Rva) const {
-            return ConvertOffsetToPtr<__ReturnType>(ConvertRvaToOffset(Rva));
-        }
-
-        template<typename __ReturnType = void*>
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        __ReturnType ConvertOffsetToPtr(Elf64_Off Offset) const {
-            return ElfOffset<__ReturnType>(Offset);
-        }
-    };
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/ExceptionCapstone.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/ExceptionCapstone.hpp
@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <capstone/capstone.h>
-#include "Exception.hpp"
-
-namespace ARL {
-
-    class CapstoneError final : public Exception {
-    private:
-
-        cs_err m_ErrorCode;
-
-    public:
-
-        template<typename... __ArgTypes>
-        CapstoneError(const char* SourceFile, size_t SourceLine, cs_err ErrorCode, const char* Format, __ArgTypes&&... Args) noexcept :
-            Exception(SourceFile, SourceLine, Format, std::forward<__ArgTypes>(Args)...),
-            m_ErrorCode(ErrorCode) {}
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual bool HasErrorCode() const noexcept override {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual intptr_t ErrorCode() const noexcept override {
-            return m_ErrorCode;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual const char* ErrorString() const noexcept override {
-            return cs_strerror(m_ErrorCode);
-        }
-    };
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/ExceptionKeystone.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/ExceptionKeystone.hpp
@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <keystone/keystone.h>
-#include "Exception.hpp"
-
-namespace ARL {
-
-    class KeystoneError final : public Exception {
-    private:
-
-        ks_err m_ErrorCode;
-
-    public:
-
-        template<typename... __ArgTypes>
-        KeystoneError(const char* SourceFile, size_t SourceLine, ks_err ErrorCode, const char* Format, __ArgTypes&&... Args) noexcept :
-            Exception(SourceFile, SourceLine, Format, std::forward<__ArgTypes>(Args)...),
-            m_ErrorCode(ErrorCode) {}
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual bool HasErrorCode() const noexcept override {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual intptr_t ErrorCode() const noexcept override {
-            return m_ErrorCode;
-        }
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual const char* ErrorString() const noexcept override {
-            return ks_strerror(m_ErrorCode);
-        }
-    };
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/KeystoneAssembler.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/KeystoneAssembler.cpp
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-#include "KeystoneAssembler.hpp"
-
-namespace nkg {
-
-    KeystoneAssembler::KeystoneAssembler(const KeystoneEngine& Engine) noexcept :
-        m_Engine(Engine) {}
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    std::vector<uint8_t> KeystoneAssembler::GenerateMachineCode(std::string_view AssemblyCode, uint64_t Address) const {
-        ARL::ResourceWrapper    pbMachineCode(ARL::ResourceTraits::KeystoneMalloc{});
-        size_t                  cbMachineCode = 0;
-        size_t                  InstructionsProcessed = 0;
-
-        if (ks_asm(m_Engine, AssemblyCode.data(), Address, pbMachineCode.GetAddressOf(), &cbMachineCode, &InstructionsProcessed) != 0) {
-            throw ARL::KeystoneError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ks_errno(m_Engine), "ks_asm failed.");
-        }
-
-        return std::vector<uint8_t>(pbMachineCode.Get(), pbMachineCode.Get() + cbMachineCode);
-    }
-
-    KeystoneEngine::KeystoneEngine(ks_arch ArchType, ks_mode Mode) {
-        auto err = ks_open(ArchType, Mode, GetAddressOf());
-        if (err != KS_ERR_OK) {
-            throw ARL::KeystoneError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, err, "ks_open failed.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    void KeystoneEngine::Option(ks_opt_type Type, ks_opt_value Value) {
-        auto err = ks_option(Get(), Type, Value);
-        if (err != KS_ERR_OK) {
-            throw ARL::KeystoneError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, err, "ks_option failed.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    KeystoneAssembler KeystoneEngine::CreateAssembler() const {
-        return KeystoneAssembler(*this);
-    }
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/KeystoneAssembler.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/KeystoneAssembler.hpp
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include "ExceptionKeystone.hpp"
-#include "ResourceWrapper.hpp"
-#include "ResourceTraitsKeystone.hpp"
-#include <vector>
-#include <string>
-
-namespace nkg {
-
-    class KeystoneEngine;
-
-    class KeystoneAssembler {
-        friend class KeystoneEngine;
-    private:
-
-        const KeystoneEngine& m_Engine;
-
-        KeystoneAssembler(const KeystoneEngine& Engine) noexcept;
-
-    public:
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        std::vector<uint8_t> GenerateMachineCode(std::string_view AssemblyCode, uint64_t Address = 0) const;
-
-    };
-
-    class KeystoneEngine : private ARL::ResourceWrapper<ARL::ResourceTraits::KeystoneHandle> {
-        friend class KeystoneAssembler;
-    public:
-
-        KeystoneEngine(ks_arch ArchType, ks_mode Mode);
-
-        void Option(ks_opt_type Type, ks_opt_value Value);
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        KeystoneAssembler CreateAssembler() const;
-    };
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/MemoryAccess.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/MemoryAccess.hpp
@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <type_traits>
-
-namespace ARL {
-
-    template<typename __PtrType1, typename __PtrType2>
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    inline ptrdiff_t AddressDelta(__PtrType1 p1, __PtrType2 p2) noexcept {
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType1>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType2>);
-        return reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(p1) - reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(p2);
-    }
-
-    template<typename __PtrType>
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    inline __PtrType AddressOffset(__PtrType p, ptrdiff_t offset) noexcept {
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType>);
-        return reinterpret_cast<__PtrType>(
-            const_cast<char*>(
-                reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(p) + offset
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-    template<typename __ReturnType, typename __PtrType>
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    inline __ReturnType AddressOffsetWithCast(__PtrType p, ptrdiff_t offset) noexcept {
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__ReturnType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType>);
-        return reinterpret_cast<__ReturnType>(
-            const_cast<char*>(
-                reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(p) + offset
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-    template<typename __PtrType, typename __BeginPtrType, typename __EndPtrType>
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    inline bool AddressIsInRange(__PtrType p, __BeginPtrType begin, __EndPtrType end) {
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__BeginPtrType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__EndPtrType>);
-        return 
-            reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(begin) <= reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(p) && 
-            reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(p) < reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(end);
-    }
-
-    template<typename __PtrType, typename __BasePtrType>
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    inline bool AddressIsInRange(__PtrType p, __BasePtrType base, size_t size) {
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__BasePtrType>);
-        return AddressIsInRange(p, base, AddressOffset(base, size));
-    }
-
-    template<typename __PtrType1, typename __PtrType2, typename __BeginPtrType, typename __EndPtrType>
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    inline bool AddressIsInRangeEx(__PtrType1 p1, __PtrType2 p2, __BeginPtrType begin, __EndPtrType end) {
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType1>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType2>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__BeginPtrType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__EndPtrType>);
-        return 
-            reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(begin) <= reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(p1) && 
-            reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(p1) <= reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(p2) &&
-            reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(p2) <= reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(end);
-    }
-
-    template<typename __PtrType, typename __BeginPtrType, typename __EndPtrType>
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    inline bool AddressIsInRangeEx(__PtrType p, size_t s, __BeginPtrType begin, __EndPtrType end) {
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__BeginPtrType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__EndPtrType>);
-        return AddressIsInRange(p, AddressDelta(p, s), begin, end);
-    }
-
-    template<typename __PtrType1, typename __PtrType2, typename __BasePtrType>
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    inline bool AddressIsInRangeEx(__PtrType1 p1, __PtrType2 p2, __BasePtrType base, size_t size) {
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType1>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType2>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__BasePtrType>);
-        return AddressIsInRangeEx(p1, p2, base, AddressOffset(base, size));
-    }
-
-    template<typename __PtrType, typename __BasePtrType>
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    inline bool AddressIsInRangeEx(__PtrType p, size_t s, __BasePtrType base, size_t size) {
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__BasePtrType>);
-        return AddressIsInRangeEx(p, AddressOffset(p, s), base, AddressOffset(base, size));
-    }
-
-    template<typename __ReadType, typename __PtrType>
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    inline __ReadType AddressRead(__PtrType p) noexcept {
-        static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<__ReadType> && std::is_standard_layout_v<__ReadType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType>);
-        return *reinterpret_cast<const volatile __ReadType*>(p);
-    }
-
-    template<typename __ReadType, typename __PtrType>
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    inline __ReadType AddressRead(__PtrType p, ptrdiff_t offset) noexcept {
-        static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<__ReadType> && std::is_standard_layout_v<__ReadType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType>);
-        return *reinterpret_cast<const volatile __ReadType*>(
-            reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(p) + offset
-        );
-    }
-
-    template<typename __ReadType, typename __PtrType>
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    inline __ReadType AddressRead(__PtrType p, size_t scale, ptrdiff_t index) noexcept {
-        static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<__ReadType> && std::is_standard_layout_v<__ReadType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType>);
-        return *reinterpret_cast<const volatile __ReadType*>(
-            reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(p) + scale * index
-        );
-    }
-
-    template<typename __WriteType, typename __PtrType>
-    inline void AddressWrite(__PtrType p, const __WriteType& value) noexcept {
-        static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<__WriteType> && std::is_standard_layout_v<__WriteType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType>);
-        *reinterpret_cast<volatile __WriteType*>(p) = value;
-    }
-
-    template<typename __WriteType, typename __PtrType>
-    inline void AddressWrite(__PtrType p, ptrdiff_t offset, const __WriteType& value) noexcept {
-        static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<__WriteType> && std::is_standard_layout_v<__WriteType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType>);
-        *reinterpret_cast<volatile __WriteType*>(
-            reinterpret_cast<volatile char*>(p) + offset
-        ) = value;
-    }
-
-    template<typename __WriteType, typename __PtrType>
-    inline void AddressWrite(__PtrType p, size_t scale, ptrdiff_t index, const __WriteType& value) noexcept {
-        static_assert(std::is_trivial_v<__WriteType> && std::is_standard_layout_v<__WriteType>);
-        static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<__PtrType>);
-        *reinterpret_cast<volatile __WriteType*>(
-            reinterpret_cast<volatile char*>(p) + scale * index
-        ) = value;
-    }
-    
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/Misc.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/Misc.cpp
@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-#include "Misc.hpp"
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <setjmp.h>
-#include <filesystem>
-#include "ExceptionSystem.hpp"
-
-static jmp_buf g_jmbuf;
-
-static void SIGSEGV_handler(int sig) {
-    siglongjmp(g_jmbuf, 1);
-}
-
-//
-//  read byte(s) at address `p` as __Type to `out`
-//  succeed if return true, otherwise return false
-//
-template<typename __Type>
-static inline bool probe_for_read(const void* p, void* out) {
-    int r = sigsetjmp(g_jmbuf, 1);
-    if (r == 0) {
-        *reinterpret_cast<__Type*>(out) = *reinterpret_cast<const __Type*>(p);
-        return true;
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
-}
-
-namespace nkg::Misc {
-
-    //
-    //  Print memory data in [lpMemBegin, lpMemEnd)
-    //  If `base` is not nullptr, print address as offset. Otherwise, as absolute address.
-    //  NOTICE:
-    //      `base` must >= `from`
-    //
-    void PrintMemory(const void* lpMemBegin, const void* lpMemEnd, const void* lpBase) noexcept {
-        auto pbBegin = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(lpMemBegin);
-        auto pbEnd = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(lpMemEnd);
-        auto pbBase = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(lpBase);
-
-        if (pbBegin >= pbEnd)
-            return;
-
-        while (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(pbBegin) % 16)
-            pbBegin--;
-
-        while (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(pbEnd) % 16)
-            pbEnd++;
-
-        while (pbBegin < pbEnd) {
-            uint16_t Values[16] = {};
-
-            if (pbBase) {
-                uintptr_t d = pbBegin >= lpBase ? pbBegin - pbBase : pbBase - pbBegin;
-                if (pbBegin >= lpBase) {
-                    printf("+0x%.*zx  ", static_cast<int>(2 * sizeof(void*)), d);
-                } else {
-                    printf("-0x%.*zx  ", static_cast<int>(2 * sizeof(void*)), d);
-                }
-            } else {
-                printf("0x%.*zx  ", static_cast<int>(2 * sizeof(void*)), reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(pbBegin));
-            }
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
-                if (pbBegin + i < lpMemBegin || pbBegin + i >= lpMemEnd) {
-                    printf("   ");
-                    Values[i] = 0xfffe;
-                } else if (probe_for_read<uint8_t>(pbBegin + i, Values + i)) {
-                    printf("%02x ", Values[i]);
-                } else {
-                    printf("?? ");
-                    Values[i] = 0xffff;
-                }
-            }
-
-            printf(" ");
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
-                if (0x20 <= Values[i] && Values[i] < 0x7f) {
-                    printf("%c", Values[i]);
-                } else if (Values[i] == 0xfffe) {
-                    printf(" ");
-                } else {
-                    printf(".");
-                }
-            }
-
-            printf("\n");
-
-            pbBegin += 0x10;
-        }
-    }
-
-    //
-    //  Print memory data in [lpMem, lpMem + cbMem)
-    //  If `base` is not nullptr, print address as offset. Otherwise, as absolute address.
-    //  NOTICE:
-    //      `base` must >= `from`
-    //
-    void PrintMemory(const void* lpMem, size_t cbMem, const void* lpBase) noexcept {
-        PrintMemory(lpMem, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(lpMem) + cbMem, lpBase);
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    bool FsIsExist(std::string_view szPath) {
-        std::error_code ec;
-        if (std::filesystem::exists(szPath, ec)) {
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            if (ec) {
-                throw ARL::SystemError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ec.value(), "std::filesystem::exists failed.");
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    bool FsIsFile(std::string_view szPath) {
-        std::error_code ec;
-        if (std::filesystem::is_regular_file(szPath, ec)) {
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            if (ec) {
-                throw ARL::SystemError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ec.value(), "std::filesystem::is_regular_file failed.");
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    bool FsIsDirectory(std::string_view szPath) {
-        std::error_code ec;
-        if (std::filesystem::is_directory(szPath, ec)) {
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            if (ec) {
-                throw ARL::SystemError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ec.value(), "std::filesystem::is_directory failed.");
-            } else {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    void FsCopyFile(std::string_view szSourcePath, std::string_view szDestinationPath) {
-        std::error_code ec;
-        if (std::filesystem::copy_file(szSourcePath, szDestinationPath, ec) == false) {
-            throw ARL::SystemError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ec.value(), "std::filesystem::copy_file failed.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    void FsDeleteFile(std::string_view szPath) {
-        std::error_code ec;
-        if (std::filesystem::remove(szPath, ec) == false) {
-            throw ARL::SystemError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ec.value(), "std::filesystem::remove failed.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::string FsCurrentWorkingDirectory() {
-        std::error_code ec;
-        std::string path = std::filesystem::current_path(ec);
-        if (ec) {
-            throw ARL::SystemError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, ec.value(), "std::filesystem::current_path failed.");
-        } else {
-            return path;
-        }
-    }
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/Misc.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/Misc.hpp
@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <string>
-
-namespace nkg::Misc {
-
-    //
-    //  Print memory data in [lpMemBegin, lpMemEnd)
-    //  If `base` is not nullptr, print address as offset. Otherwise, as absolute address.
-    //
-    void PrintMemory(const void* lpMemBegin, const void* lpMemEnd, const void* lpBase) noexcept;
-
-    //
-    //  Print memory data in [lpMem, lpMem + cbMem)
-    //  If `base` is not nullptr, print address as offset. Otherwise, as absolute address.
-    //
-    void PrintMemory(const void* lpMem, size_t cbMem, const void* lpBase) noexcept;
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    bool FsIsExist(std::string_view szPath);
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    bool FsIsFile(std::string_view szPath);
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    bool FsIsDirectory(std::string_view szPath);
-
-    void FsCopyFile(std::string_view szSourcePath, std::string_view szDestinationPath);
-
-    void FsDeleteFile(std::string_view szPath);
-
-    std::string FsCurrentWorkingDirectory();
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/PatchSolution.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/PatchSolution.cpp
@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-#include "PatchSolutions.hpp"
-
-namespace nkg {
-
-    void PatchSolution::SearchFreeSpace(std::map<Elf64_Off, Elf64_Xword>& SpaceMap, const Elf64Interpreter& Image) {
-        static auto lpfnUpdateMap = [](std::map<Elf64_Off, Elf64_Xword>& SpaceMap, Elf64_Off offset, Elf64_Xword size) {
-            auto start = offset;
-            auto end = start + size;
-            while (size) {
-                auto space = SpaceMap.upper_bound(offset);
-                auto space_start = space->first;
-                auto space_end = space_start + space->second;
-                if (space != SpaceMap.end() && space_start < end) { // implicit condition: start < space_start
-                    if (space_end <= end) {
-                        SpaceMap.erase(space);
-                    } else {
-                        auto node = SpaceMap.extract(space);
-                        node.key() = end;
-                        SpaceMap.insert(std::move(node));
-                    }
-                } else if (space != SpaceMap.begin()) {
-                    --space;
-                    space_start = space->first;                 // space_start <= start
-                    space_end = space_start + space->second;
-                    if (start < space_end) {
-                        space->second = start - space_start;
-                        if (space->second == 0) {
-                            SpaceMap.erase(space);
-                        }
-                        if (end < space_end) {
-                            SpaceMap.emplace(end, space_end - end);
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        lpfnUpdateMap(SpaceMap, 0, sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr));
-        lpfnUpdateMap(SpaceMap, Image.ElfHeader()->e_phoff, Image.ElfHeader()->e_phentsize * Image.ElfHeader()->e_phnum);
-        lpfnUpdateMap(SpaceMap, Image.ElfHeader()->e_shoff, Image.ElfHeader()->e_shentsize * Image.ElfHeader()->e_shnum);
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < Image.NumberOfElfProgramHeaders(); ++i) {
-            auto seg_hdr = Image.ElfProgramHeader(i);
-            if (seg_hdr->p_type != PT_NULL) {
-                lpfnUpdateMap(SpaceMap, seg_hdr->p_offset, seg_hdr->p_filesz);
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < Image.NumberOfElfSectionHeaders(); ++i) {
-            auto sec_hdr = Image.ElfSectionHeader(i);
-            if (sec_hdr->sh_type != SHT_NULL && sec_hdr->sh_type != SHT_NOBITS) {
-                lpfnUpdateMap(SpaceMap, sec_hdr->sh_offset, sec_hdr->sh_size);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/PatchSolution0.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/PatchSolution0.cpp
@ -1,263 +0,0 @@
-#include "PatchSolutions.hpp"
-#include "ExceptionGeneric.hpp"
-#include "Misc.hpp"
-#include <string.h>
-
-namespace nkg {
-
-    PatchSolution0::PatchSolution0(const Elf64Interpreter& Image) :
-        m_Image(Image),
-        m_DisassemblyEngine(CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_64),
-        m_AssemblyEngine(KS_ARCH_X86, KS_MODE_64),
-        m_RefSegment(nullptr) 
-    {
-        m_DisassemblyEngine.Option(CS_OPT_DETAIL, CS_OPT_ON);
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    bool PatchSolution0::FindPatchOffset() noexcept {
-        try {
-            const Elf64_Phdr* RefSegment = nullptr;
-            std::optional<Elf64_Off>    PatchMarkOffset;
-            std::optional<Elf64_Addr>   PatchMarkRva;
-            std::optional<Elf64_Addr>   MachineCodeRva;
-            std::optional<size_t>       MachineCodeSize;
-            std::vector<uint8_t>        MachineCodeNew;
-
-            if (m_Image.ElfHeader()->e_machine != EM_X86_64) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Not amd64 platform.");
-            }
-
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < m_Image.NumberOfElfProgramHeaders(); ++i) {
-                auto seg_hdr = m_Image.ElfProgramHeader(i);
-                if (seg_hdr->p_type != PT_NULL && seg_hdr->p_filesz >= sizeof(PatchMarkType)) {
-                    auto lpMark = m_Image.ElfOffset<const PatchMarkType*>(seg_hdr->p_offset + seg_hdr->p_filesz - sizeof(PatchMarkType));
-                    if (lpMark->Starter == PatchMarkStarter || lpMark->Terminator == PatchMarkTerminator) {
-                        throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Already patched.");
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            {
-                std::map<Elf64_Off, Elf64_Xword> SpaceMap{ { 0, m_Image.ElfSize() } };
-                
-                SearchFreeSpace(SpaceMap, m_Image);
-                
-                for (const auto& space : SpaceMap) {
-                    bool found = false;
-                    auto offset = space.first;
-                    auto size = space.second;
-                    
-                    if (size >= sizeof(PatchMarkType)) {
-                        for (size_t i = 0; i < m_Image.NumberOfElfProgramHeaders(); ++i) {
-                            auto seg_hdr = m_Image.ElfProgramHeader(i);
-                            if (seg_hdr->p_type == PT_LOAD && seg_hdr->p_offset + seg_hdr->p_filesz == offset) {
-                                RefSegment = seg_hdr;
-                                PatchMarkOffset = offset;
-                                PatchMarkRva = m_Image.ConvertOffsetToRva(offset - 1) + 1;
-                                found = true;
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    if (found) {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            {
-                auto Disassembler = m_DisassemblyEngine.CreateDisassembler();
-                auto Assembler = m_AssemblyEngine.CreateAssembler();
-
-                auto sec_hdr_text = m_Image.ElfSectionHeader(".text");
-                auto sec_view_text = m_Image.ElfSectionView(sec_hdr_text);
-                auto lpMachineCode = m_Image.SearchElfSectionView(sec_hdr_text, [](const void* base, size_t i, size_t size) {
-                        auto p = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(base) + i;
-                        return i + 16 <= size &&
-                            p[1] == 0x0f && p[2] == 0xb6 &&     // movzx xxx, yyy
-                            p[6] == 0x8b &&                     // mov xxx, yyy
-                            p[10] == 0x8b &&                    // mov xxx, yyy
-                            p[13] == 0x85 &&                    // test xxx, yyy
-                            p[15] == 0x79;                      // jns xxx
-                    }
-                );
-                auto cbMachineCode = static_cast<size_t>(sec_hdr_text->sh_size - ARL::AddressDelta(lpMachineCode, sec_view_text));
-                MachineCodeRva = m_Image.ConvertPtrToRva(lpMachineCode);
-                
-                Disassembler.SetContext({ lpMachineCode, cbMachineCode, MachineCodeRva.value() });
-
-                int char_reg;
-                int lpsz_reg;
-                if (Disassembler.Next() && strcasecmp(Disassembler.GetInstruction()->mnemonic, "movzx") == 0) {
-                    auto lpInsn = Disassembler.GetInstruction();
-                    if (lpInsn->detail->x86.operands[0].type == X86_OP_REG) {
-                        char_reg = lpInsn->detail->x86.operands[0].reg;
-                    } else {
-                        throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Something unexpected happened.");
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Something unexpected happened.");
-                }
-
-                if (Disassembler.Next() && strcasecmp(Disassembler.GetInstruction()->mnemonic, "mov") == 0) {
-                    auto lpInsn = Disassembler.GetInstruction();
-                    if (lpInsn->detail->x86.operands[0].type == X86_OP_REG) {
-                        lpsz_reg = lpInsn->detail->x86.operands[0].reg;
-                    } else {
-                        throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Something unexpected happened.");
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Something unexpected happened.");
-                }
-
-                if (Disassembler.Next() && Disassembler.Next() && Disassembler.Next()) {
-                    MachineCodeSize = static_cast<size_t>(Disassembler.GetContext().Address - MachineCodeRva.value());
-                    MachineCodeNew = Assembler.GenerateMachineCode(
-                        [this, char_reg, lpsz_reg, &PatchMarkRva]() -> std::string {
-                            const char asm_template[] = 
-                                "xor %1$s, %1$s;"
-                                "lea %2$s, byte ptr [0x%3$.16lx];";
-                            std::string asm_string;
-                            int l;
-                
-                            l = snprintf(nullptr, 0, 
-                                asm_template, 
-                                this->m_DisassemblyEngine.GetRegisterName(char_reg), 
-                                this->m_DisassemblyEngine.GetRegisterName(lpsz_reg),
-                                PatchMarkRva.value() + offsetof(PatchMarkType, Data)
-                            );
-                            if (l < 0) {
-                                std::terminate();
-                            }
-
-                            asm_string.resize(l + 1);
-
-                            l = snprintf(asm_string.data(), asm_string.length(), 
-                                asm_template, 
-                                this->m_DisassemblyEngine.GetRegisterName(char_reg), 
-                                this->m_DisassemblyEngine.GetRegisterName(lpsz_reg),
-                                PatchMarkRva.value() + offsetof(PatchMarkType, Data)
-                            );
-                            if (l < 0) {
-                                std::terminate();
-                            }
-
-                            while (asm_string.back() == '\x00') {
-                                asm_string.pop_back();
-                            }
-
-                            return asm_string;
-                        }().c_str(),
-                        MachineCodeRva.value()
-                    );
-
-                    if (MachineCodeNew.size() <= MachineCodeSize.value()) {
-                        MachineCodeNew.insert(MachineCodeNew.end(), MachineCodeSize.value() - MachineCodeNew.size(), '\x90');   // \x90 -> nop
-                    } else {
-                        throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Something unexpected happened.");
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Something unexpected happened.");
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (RefSegment && PatchMarkOffset.has_value() && MachineCodeRva.has_value() && MachineCodeSize.has_value()) {
-                m_RefSegment = RefSegment;
-                m_PatchMarkOffset = PatchMarkOffset;
-                m_MachineCodeRva = MachineCodeRva;
-                m_MachineCodeSize = MachineCodeSize;
-                m_MachineCodeNew = std::move(MachineCodeNew);
-
-                printf("[+] PatchSolution0 ...... Ready to apply\n");
-                printf("    RefSegment      =  %zu\n", m_RefSegment - m_Image.ElfProgramHeader(0));
-                printf("    MachineCodeRva  =  0x%.16lx\n", m_MachineCodeRva.value());
-                printf("    PatchMarkOffset = +0x%.16lx\n", PatchMarkOffset.value());
-            } else {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Not found.");
-            }
-
-            return true;
-        } catch (ARL::Exception& e) {
-            printf("[-] PatchSolution0 ...... Omitted\n");
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]]
-    bool PatchSolution0::CheckKey(const RSACipher& Cipher) const noexcept {
-        return Cipher.Bits() == 2048;
-    }
-
-    void PatchSolution0::MakePatch(const RSACipher& Cipher) const {
-        if (m_RefSegment && m_PatchMarkOffset.has_value() && m_MachineCodeRva.has_value() && m_MachineCodeSize.has_value()) {
-            if (m_MachineCodeSize.value() == m_MachineCodeNew.size()) {
-                auto szPublicKey = Cipher.ExportKeyString<RSAKeyType::PublicKey, RSAKeyFormat::PEM>();
-
-                for (auto pos = szPublicKey.find("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"); pos != std::string::npos; pos = szPublicKey.find("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----", pos)) {
-                    szPublicKey.erase(pos, strlen("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"));
-                }
-
-                for (auto pos = szPublicKey.find("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"); pos != std::string::npos; pos = szPublicKey.find("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", pos)) {
-                    szPublicKey.erase(pos, strlen("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"));
-                }
-
-                for (auto pos = szPublicKey.find("\n"); pos != std::string::npos; pos = szPublicKey.find("\n", pos)) {
-                    szPublicKey.erase(pos, strlen("\n"));
-                }
-
-                auto lpMark = m_Image.ElfOffset<PatchMarkType*>(m_PatchMarkOffset.value());
-
-                puts("*******************************************************");
-                puts("*                   PatchSolution0                    *");
-                puts("*******************************************************");
-
-                if (lpMark->Starter != PatchMarkStarter || lpMark->Terminator != PatchMarkTerminator) {
-                    auto RefSegment = const_cast<Elf64_Phdr*>(m_RefSegment);
-
-                    printf("[*] Previous:\n");
-                    Misc::PrintMemory(RefSegment, sizeof(Elf64_Phdr), m_Image.ElfBase());
-                        RefSegment->p_filesz += sizeof(PatchMarkType);
-                        RefSegment->p_memsz += sizeof(PatchMarkType);
-                    printf("[*] After:\n");
-                    Misc::PrintMemory(RefSegment, sizeof(Elf64_Phdr), m_Image.ElfBase());
-                    printf("\n");
-
-                    printf("[*] Previous:\n");
-                    Misc::PrintMemory(lpMark, sizeof(PatchMarkType), m_Image.ElfBase());
-                        lpMark->Starter = PatchMarkStarter;
-                        memcpy(lpMark->Data, szPublicKey.data(), std::min(szPublicKey.size(), sizeof(lpMark->Data)));
-                        lpMark->Terminator = PatchMarkTerminator;
-                    printf("[*] After:\n");
-                    Misc::PrintMemory(lpMark, sizeof(PatchMarkType), m_Image.ElfBase());
-                    printf("\n");
-                } else {
-                    if (strncmp(reinterpret_cast<char*>(lpMark->Data), szPublicKey.data(), sizeof(lpMark->Data)) != 0) {
-                        printf("[*] Previous:\n");
-                        Misc::PrintMemory(lpMark, sizeof(PatchMarkType), m_Image.ElfBase());
-                            memcpy(lpMark->Data, szPublicKey.data(), std::min(szPublicKey.size(), sizeof(lpMark->Data)));
-                        printf("[*] After:\n");
-                        Misc::PrintMemory(lpMark, sizeof(PatchMarkType), m_Image.ElfBase());
-                        printf("\n");
-                    }
-                }
-
-                {
-                    auto lpMachineCode = m_Image.ConvertRvaToPtr(m_MachineCodeRva.value());
-                    printf("[*] Previous:\n");
-                    Misc::PrintMemory(lpMachineCode, m_MachineCodeSize.value(), m_Image.ElfBase());
-                        memcpy(lpMachineCode, m_MachineCodeNew.data(), m_MachineCodeSize.value());
-                    printf("[*] After:\n");
-                    Misc::PrintMemory(lpMachineCode, m_MachineCodeSize.value(), m_Image.ElfBase());
-                    printf("\n");
-                }
-            } else {
-                throw ARL::AssertionError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Something unexpected happened.");
-            }
-        } else {
-            throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Not ready yet.");
-        }
-    }
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/PatchSolutions.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/PatchSolutions.hpp
@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include "RSACipher.hpp"
-#include "Elf64Interpreter.hpp"
-#include "CapstoneDisassembler.hpp"
-#include "KeystoneAssembler.hpp"
-#include <optional>
-
-namespace nkg {
-
-    class PatchSolution {
-    protected:
-
-        struct PatchMarkType {
-            uint32_t Starter;
-            uint8_t Data[0x188];
-            uint32_t Terminator;
-        };
-
-        static constexpr uint32_t PatchMarkStarter = 0xdeadbeef;
-        static constexpr uint32_t PatchMarkTerminator = 0xbeefdead;
-
-        void SearchFreeSpace(std::map<Elf64_Off, Elf64_Xword>& SpaceMap, const Elf64Interpreter& Image);
-
-    public:
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        virtual bool FindPatchOffset() noexcept = 0;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        virtual bool CheckKey(const RSACipher& Cipher) const noexcept = 0;
-
-        virtual void MakePatch(const RSACipher& Cipher) const = 0;
-
-        virtual ~PatchSolution() = default;
-    };
-
-    class PatchSolution0 final : public PatchSolution {
-    private:
-
-        const Elf64Interpreter&     m_Image;
-        CapstoneEngine              m_DisassemblyEngine;
-        KeystoneEngine              m_AssemblyEngine;
-
-        const Elf64_Phdr*           m_RefSegment;
-        std::optional<Elf64_Off>    m_PatchMarkOffset;
-        std::optional<Elf64_Addr>   m_MachineCodeRva;
-        std::optional<size_t>       m_MachineCodeSize;
-        std::vector<uint8_t>        m_MachineCodeNew;
-
-    public:
-
-        PatchSolution0(const Elf64Interpreter& Image);
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual bool FindPatchOffset() noexcept override;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        // NOLINTNEXTLINE: mark "virtual" explicitly for more readability
-        virtual bool CheckKey(const RSACipher& Cipher) const noexcept override;
-
-        virtual void MakePatch(const RSACipher& Cipher) const override;
-    };
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/ResourceTraitsCapstone.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/ResourceTraitsCapstone.hpp
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <capstone/capstone.h>
-#include "ExceptionCapstone.hpp"
-
-namespace ARL::ResourceTraits {
-
-    struct CapstoneHandle {
-        using HandleType = csh;
-
-        static inline const HandleType InvalidValue = 0;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        static bool IsValid(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            return Handle != InvalidValue;
-        }
-
-        static void Release(HandleType& Handle) {
-            if (auto err = cs_close(&Handle); err != CS_ERR_OK) {
-                throw ARL::CapstoneError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, err, "ks_close failed.");
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct CapstoneInsn {
-        using HandleType = cs_insn*;
-
-        static inline const HandleType InvalidValue = nullptr;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        static bool IsValid(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            return Handle != InvalidValue;
-        }
-
-        static void Release(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            cs_free(Handle, 1);
-        }
-    };
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/ResourceTraitsKeystone.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/ResourceTraitsKeystone.hpp
@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <keystone/keystone.h>
-#include "ExceptionKeystone.hpp"
-
-namespace ARL::ResourceTraits {
-
-    struct KeystoneHandle {
-        using HandleType = ks_engine*;
-
-        static inline const HandleType InvalidValue = nullptr;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        static bool IsValid(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            return Handle != InvalidValue;
-        }
-
-        static void Release(const HandleType& Handle) {
-            auto err = ks_close(Handle);
-            if (err != KS_ERR_OK) {
-                throw ARL::KeystoneError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, err, "ks_close failed.");
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct KeystoneMalloc {
-        using HandleType = uint8_t*;
-
-        static inline const HandleType InvalidValue = nullptr;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        static bool IsValid(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            return Handle != InvalidValue;
-        }
-
-        static void Release(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            ks_free(Handle);
-        }
-    };
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/ResourceTraitsUnix.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/ResourceTraitsUnix.hpp
@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include "ExceptionSystem.hpp"
-
-namespace ARL::ResourceTraits {
-
-    struct FileDescriptor {
-        using HandleType = int;
-
-        static inline const HandleType InvalidValue = -1;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        static bool IsValid(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            return Handle != InvalidValue;
-        }
-
-        static void Release(const HandleType& Handle) {
-            if (close(Handle) != 0) {
-                throw ARL::SystemError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, errno, "close failed.");
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct MapView {
-        using HandleType = void*;
-
-        static inline const HandleType InvalidValue = MAP_FAILED;
-
-        [[nodiscard]]
-        static bool IsValid(const HandleType& Handle) noexcept {
-            return Handle != InvalidValue;
-        }
-    };
-
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/amd64_emulator.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/amd64_emulator.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#include "amd64_emulator.hpp"
+#include "exceptions/key_exception.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-patcher\\amd64_emulator.cpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    void amd64_emulator::_unicorn_hookcode_cb_stub(uc_engine* uc, uint64_t address, uint32_t size, void* user_data) {
+        auto hook_stub_ctx = reinterpret_cast<hook_stub_context_t*>(user_data);
+        hook_stub_ctx->self->m_unicorn_hook_cbs_hookcode[hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle](address, size);
+    }
+
+    void amd64_emulator::_unicorn_hookmem_cb_stub(uc_engine* uc, uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, void* user_data) {
+        auto hook_stub_ctx = reinterpret_cast<hook_stub_context_t*>(user_data);
+        hook_stub_ctx->self->m_unicorn_hook_cbs_hookmem[hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle](type, address, static_cast<unsigned int>(size), value);
+    }
+
+    bool amd64_emulator::_unicorn_eventmem_cb_stub(uc_engine* uc, uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, void* user_data) {
+        auto hook_stub_ctx = reinterpret_cast<hook_stub_context_t*>(user_data);
+        return hook_stub_ctx->self->m_unicorn_hook_cbs_eventmem[hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle](type, address, static_cast<unsigned int>(size), value);
+    }
+
+    amd64_emulator::amd64_emulator() {
+        auto err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_64, m_unicorn_engine.unsafe_addressof());
+        if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_open failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void amd64_emulator::reg_read(int regid, void* value) {
+        auto err = uc_reg_read(m_unicorn_engine.get(), regid, value);
+        if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_reg_read failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void amd64_emulator::reg_write(int regid, const void* value) {
+        auto err = uc_reg_write(m_unicorn_engine.get(), regid, value);
+        if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_reg_write failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint64_t amd64_emulator::msr_read(uint32_t rid) {
+        uc_x86_msr msr;
+        msr.rid = rid;
+
+        auto err = uc_reg_read(m_unicorn_engine.get(), UC_X86_REG_MSR, &msr);
+        if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_reg_write failed.");
+        }
+
+        return msr.value;
+    }
+
+    void amd64_emulator::msr_write(uint32_t rid, uint64_t value) {
+        uc_x86_msr msr;
+        msr.rid = rid;
+        msr.value = value;
+
+        auto err = uc_reg_write(m_unicorn_engine.get(), UC_X86_REG_MSR, &msr);
+        if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_reg_write failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void amd64_emulator::mem_map(uint64_t address, size_t size, uint32_t perms) {
+        auto err = uc_mem_map(m_unicorn_engine.get(), address, size, perms);
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_mem_map failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void amd64_emulator::mem_unmap(uint64_t address, size_t size) {
+        auto err = uc_mem_unmap(m_unicorn_engine.get(), address, size);
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_mem_unmap failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void amd64_emulator::mem_read(uint64_t address, void* buf, size_t size) {
+        auto err = uc_mem_read(m_unicorn_engine.get(), address, buf, size);
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_mem_read failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> amd64_emulator::mem_read(uint64_t address, size_t size) {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> ret_buf(size);
+
+        auto err = uc_mem_read(m_unicorn_engine.get(), address, ret_buf.data(), ret_buf.size());
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_mem_read failed.");
+        }
+
+        return ret_buf;
+    }
+
+    void amd64_emulator::mem_write(uint64_t address, const void* buf, size_t size) {
+        auto err = uc_mem_write(m_unicorn_engine.get(), address, buf, size);
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_mem_write failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void amd64_emulator::mem_write(uint64_t address, const std::vector<uint8_t>& buf) {
+        mem_write(address, buf.data(), buf.size());
+    }
+
+    void amd64_emulator::hook_del(uc_hook hook_handle) {
+        auto iter_of_hook_stub_ctxs = m_unicorn_hook_stub_ctxs.find(hook_handle);
+        if (iter_of_hook_stub_ctxs == m_unicorn_hook_stub_ctxs.end()) {
+            throw exceptions::key_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Target hook is not found.");
+        }
+
+        auto iter_of_hook_cbs_hookcode = m_unicorn_hook_cbs_hookcode.find(hook_handle);
+        if (iter_of_hook_cbs_hookcode != m_unicorn_hook_cbs_hookcode.end()) {
+            auto err = uc_hook_del(m_unicorn_engine.get(), hook_handle);
+            if (err) {
+                throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"hook_del failed.");
+            }
+
+            m_unicorn_hook_cbs_hookcode.erase(iter_of_hook_cbs_hookcode);
+            m_unicorn_hook_stub_ctxs.erase(iter_of_hook_stub_ctxs);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto iter_of_hook_cbs_hookmem = m_unicorn_hook_cbs_hookmem.find(hook_handle);
+        if (iter_of_hook_cbs_hookmem != m_unicorn_hook_cbs_hookmem.end()) {
+            auto err = uc_hook_del(m_unicorn_engine.get(), hook_handle);
+            if (err) {
+                throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"hook_del failed.");
+            }
+
+            m_unicorn_hook_cbs_hookmem.erase(iter_of_hook_cbs_hookmem);
+            m_unicorn_hook_stub_ctxs.erase(iter_of_hook_stub_ctxs);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto iter_of_hook_cbs_eventmem = m_unicorn_hook_cbs_eventmem.find(hook_handle);
+        if (iter_of_hook_cbs_eventmem != m_unicorn_hook_cbs_eventmem.end()) {
+            auto err = uc_hook_del(m_unicorn_engine.get(), hook_handle);
+            if (err) {
+                throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"hook_del failed.");
+            }
+
+            m_unicorn_hook_cbs_eventmem.erase(iter_of_hook_cbs_eventmem);
+            m_unicorn_hook_stub_ctxs.erase(iter_of_hook_stub_ctxs);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        __assume(false);
+    }
+
+    void amd64_emulator::emu_start(uint64_t begin_address, uint64_t end_address, uint64_t timeout, size_t count) {
+        auto err = uc_emu_start(m_unicorn_engine.get(), begin_address, end_address, timeout, count);
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"emu_start failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void amd64_emulator::emu_stop() {
+        auto err = uc_emu_stop(m_unicorn_engine.get());
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_emu_stop failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    //void amd64_emulator::create_gdt_entry(uint64_t gdt_entry_address, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access_byte, uint8_t flags) {
+    //    struct {
+    //        uint16_t limit0;
+    //        uint16_t base0;
+    //        uint8_t base1;
+    //        uint8_t access_byte;
+    //        uint8_t limit1 : 4;
+    //        uint8_t flags : 4;
+    //        uint8_t base2;
+    //    } segment_descriptor;
+
+    //    static_assert(sizeof(segment_descriptor) == 8);
+
+    //    segment_descriptor.limit0 = limit & 0xffff;
+    //    segment_descriptor.base0 = base & 0xffff;
+    //    segment_descriptor.base1 = (base >> 16) & 0xff;
+    //    segment_descriptor.access_byte = access_byte;
+    //    segment_descriptor.limit1 = (limit >> 16) & 0xf;
+    //    segment_descriptor.flags = flags & 0xf;
+    //    segment_descriptor.base2 = (base >> 24) & 0xff;
+
+    //    auto err = uc_mem_write(m_unicorn_engine.get(), gdt_entry_address, &segment_descriptor, sizeof(segment_descriptor));
+    //    if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+    //        throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_mem_write failed.");
+    //    }
+    //}
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
--- a/navicat-patcher/amd64_emulator.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/amd64_emulator.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <unicorn/unicorn.h>
+
+#include <any>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "resource_wrapper.hpp"
+#include "resource_traits/unicorn/unicorn_handle.hpp"
+
+#include "exception.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-patcher\\amd64_emulator.hpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    class amd64_emulator {
+    public:
+        class backend_error : public ::nkg::exception {
+        public:
+            using error_code_t = uc_err;
+
+        private:
+            error_code_t m_error_code;
+            std::string m_error_string;
+
+        public:
+            backend_error(std::string_view file, int line, error_code_t unicorn_err, std::string_view message) noexcept :
+                ::nkg::exception(file, line, message), m_error_code(unicorn_err), m_error_string(uc_strerror(unicorn_err)) {}
+
+            [[nodiscard]]
+            virtual bool error_code_exists() const noexcept override {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            [[nodiscard]]
+            virtual intptr_t error_code() const noexcept override {
+                return m_error_code;
+            }
+
+            [[nodiscard]]
+            virtual const std::string& error_string() const noexcept override {
+                return m_error_string;
+            }
+        };
+
+        using hookcode_cb_t = void(uint64_t address, size_t size);
+        using hookmem_cb_t = void(uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, size_t size, int64_t value);
+        using eventmem_cb_t = bool(uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, size_t size, int64_t value);
+
+    private:
+        struct hook_stub_context_t {
+            amd64_emulator* self;
+            uc_hook unicorn_hook_handle;
+        };
+
+        resource_wrapper<resource_traits::unicorn::unicorn_handle>    m_unicorn_engine;
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::any>                    m_unicorn_user_ctx;
+
+        std::unordered_map<uc_hook, std::unique_ptr<hook_stub_context_t>> m_unicorn_hook_stub_ctxs;
+
+        std::unordered_map<uc_hook, std::function<hookcode_cb_t>>    m_unicorn_hook_cbs_hookcode;
+        std::unordered_map<uc_hook, std::function<hookmem_cb_t>>    m_unicorn_hook_cbs_hookmem;
+        std::unordered_map<uc_hook, std::function<eventmem_cb_t>>    m_unicorn_hook_cbs_eventmem;
+
+        static void _unicorn_hookcode_cb_stub(uc_engine* uc, uint64_t address, uint32_t size, void* user_data);
+        static void _unicorn_hookmem_cb_stub(uc_engine* uc, uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, void* user_data);
+        static bool _unicorn_eventmem_cb_stub(uc_engine* uc, uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, void* user_data);
+
+    public:
+        amd64_emulator();
+
+        void reg_read(int regid, void* buf);
+
+        void reg_write(int regid, const void* buf);
+
+        uint64_t msr_read(uint32_t rid);
+
+        void msr_write(uint32_t rid, uint64_t value);
+
+        void mem_map(uint64_t address, size_t size, uint32_t perms);
+
+        void mem_unmap(uint64_t address, size_t size);
+
+        void mem_read(uint64_t address, void* buf, size_t size);
+
+        std::vector<uint8_t> mem_read(uint64_t address, size_t size);
+
+        void mem_write(uint64_t address, const void* buf, size_t size);
+
+        void mem_write(uint64_t address, const std::vector<uint8_t>& buf);
+
+        template<int hook_type, typename callable_t>
+        uc_hook hook_add(callable_t&& hook_callback, uint64_t begin_address = 1, uint64_t end_address = 0) {
+            uc_err err;
+
+            auto hook_stub_ctx = std::make_unique<hook_stub_context_t>();
+            hook_stub_ctx->self = this;
+            hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle = 0;
+
+            if constexpr (hook_type == UC_HOOK_CODE) {
+                err = uc_hook_add(m_unicorn_engine.get(), &hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, hook_type, _unicorn_hookcode_cb_stub, hook_stub_ctx.get(), begin_address, end_address);
+                if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+                    throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_hook_add failed.");
+                }
+
+                m_unicorn_hook_cbs_hookcode.emplace(std::make_pair(hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, std::forward<callable_t>(hook_callback)));
+            } else if constexpr ((hook_type & ~UC_HOOK_MEM_VALID) == 0) {
+                err = uc_hook_add(m_unicorn_engine.get(), &hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, hook_type, _unicorn_hookmem_cb_stub, hook_stub_ctx.get(), begin_address, end_address);
+                if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+                    throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_hook_add failed.");
+                }
+
+                m_unicorn_hook_cbs_hookmem.emplace(std::make_pair(hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, std::forward<callable_t>(hook_callback)));
+            } else if constexpr ((hook_type & ~UC_HOOK_MEM_UNMAPPED) == 0) {
+                err = uc_hook_add(m_unicorn_engine.get(), &hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, hook_type, _unicorn_eventmem_cb_stub, hook_stub_ctx.get(), begin_address, end_address);
+                if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+                    throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_hook_add failed.");
+                }
+
+                m_unicorn_hook_cbs_eventmem.emplace(std::make_pair(hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, std::forward<callable_t>(hook_callback)));
+            } else {
+                static_assert(
+                    hook_type == UC_HOOK_CODE ||
+                    (hook_type & ~UC_HOOK_MEM_VALID) == 0 ||
+                    (hook_type & ~UC_HOOK_MEM_UNMAPPED) == 0, "Unsupported hook type.");
+            }
+
+            return m_unicorn_hook_stub_ctxs.emplace(std::make_pair(hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, std::move(hook_stub_ctx))).first->first;
+        }
+
+        void hook_del(uc_hook hook_handle);
+
+        void emu_start(uint64_t begin_address, uint64_t end_address = 0, uint64_t timeout = 0, size_t count = 0);
+
+        void emu_stop();
+
+        // void create_gdt_entry(uint64_t gdt_entry_address, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access_byte, uint8_t flags);
+
+        template<typename val_t>
+        void context_set(const std::string& name, val_t&& value) {
+            m_unicorn_user_ctx[name] = std::forward<val_t>(value);
+        }
+
+        template<typename val_t>
+        val_t context_get(const std::string& name) {
+            return std::any_cast<val_t>(m_unicorn_user_ctx[name]);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
--- a/navicat-patcher/i386_emulator.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/i386_emulator.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#include "i386_emulator.hpp"
+#include "exceptions/key_exception.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-patcher\\i386_emulator.cpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    void i386_emulator::_unicorn_hookcode_cb_stub(uc_engine* uc, uint64_t address, uint32_t size, void* user_data) {
+        auto hook_stub_ctx = 
+            reinterpret_cast<hook_stub_context_t*>(user_data);
+
+        auto& hook_callback = 
+            std::any_cast<std::function<hookcode_cb_t>&>(hook_stub_ctx->self->m_unicorn_hook_callbacks[hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle]);
+
+        hook_callback(static_cast<uint32_t>(address), size);
+    }
+
+    void i386_emulator::_unicorn_hookmem_cb_stub(uc_engine* uc, uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, void* user_data) {
+        auto hook_stub_ctx = 
+            reinterpret_cast<hook_stub_context_t*>(user_data);
+
+        auto& hook_callback =
+            std::any_cast<std::function<hookmem_cb_t>&>(hook_stub_ctx->self->m_unicorn_hook_callbacks[hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle]);
+
+        hook_callback(type, static_cast<uint32_t>(address), static_cast<unsigned int>(size), static_cast<int32_t>(value));
+    }
+
+    bool i386_emulator::_unicorn_eventmem_cb_stub(uc_engine* uc, uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, void* user_data) {
+        auto hook_stub_ctx = 
+            reinterpret_cast<hook_stub_context_t*>(user_data);
+
+        auto& hook_callback =
+            std::any_cast<std::function<eventmem_cb_t>&>(hook_stub_ctx->self->m_unicorn_hook_callbacks[hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle]);
+
+        return hook_callback(type, static_cast<uint32_t>(address), static_cast<unsigned int>(size), static_cast<int32_t>(value));
+    }
+
+    i386_emulator::i386_emulator() {
+        auto err = uc_open(UC_ARCH_X86, UC_MODE_32, m_unicorn_engine.unsafe_addressof());
+        if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_open failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void i386_emulator::reg_read(int regid, void* value) {
+        auto err = uc_reg_read(m_unicorn_engine.get(), regid, value);
+        if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_reg_read failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void i386_emulator::reg_write(int regid, const void* value) {
+        auto err = uc_reg_write(m_unicorn_engine.get(), regid, value);
+        if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_reg_write failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void i386_emulator::mem_map(uint32_t address, size_t size, uint32_t perms) {
+        auto err = uc_mem_map(m_unicorn_engine.get(), address, size, perms);
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_mem_map failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void i386_emulator::mem_unmap(uint32_t address, size_t size) {
+        auto err = uc_mem_unmap(m_unicorn_engine.get(), address, size);
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_mem_unmap failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void i386_emulator::mem_read(uint32_t address, void* buf, size_t size) {
+        auto err = uc_mem_read(m_unicorn_engine.get(), address, buf, size);
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_mem_read failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> i386_emulator::mem_read(uint32_t address, size_t size) {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> ret_buf(size);
+
+        auto err = uc_mem_read(m_unicorn_engine.get(), address, ret_buf.data(), ret_buf.size());
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_mem_read failed.");
+        }
+
+        return ret_buf;
+    }
+
+    void i386_emulator::mem_write(uint32_t address, const void* buf, size_t size) {
+        auto err = uc_mem_write(m_unicorn_engine.get(), address, buf, size);
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_mem_write failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void i386_emulator::mem_write(uint32_t address, const std::vector<uint8_t>& buf) {
+        mem_write(address, buf.data(), buf.size());
+    }
+
+    void i386_emulator::hook_del(uc_hook hook_handle) {
+        auto iter_of_hook_stub_ctxs = m_unicorn_hook_stub_ctxs.find(hook_handle);
+        if (iter_of_hook_stub_ctxs == m_unicorn_hook_stub_ctxs.end()) {
+            throw exceptions::key_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Target hook is not found.");
+        }
+
+        auto iter_of_hook_callbacks = m_unicorn_hook_callbacks.find(hook_handle);
+        if (iter_of_hook_callbacks != m_unicorn_hook_callbacks.end()) {
+            auto err = uc_hook_del(m_unicorn_engine.get(), hook_handle);
+            if (err) {
+                throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"hook_del failed.");
+            }
+
+            m_unicorn_hook_callbacks.erase(iter_of_hook_callbacks);
+            m_unicorn_hook_stub_ctxs.erase(iter_of_hook_stub_ctxs);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        __assume(false);
+    }
+
+    void i386_emulator::create_gdt_entry(uint32_t gdt_entry_address, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access_byte, uint8_t flags) {
+        struct {
+            uint64_t limit0 : 16;
+            uint64_t base0 : 24;
+            uint64_t access_byte : 8;
+            uint64_t limit1 : 4;
+            uint64_t flags : 4;
+            uint64_t base1 : 8;
+        } gdt_entry;
+
+        gdt_entry.limit0 = limit & 0xffff;
+        gdt_entry.base0 = base & 0xffffff;
+        gdt_entry.access_byte = access_byte;
+        gdt_entry.flags = flags & 0xf;
+        gdt_entry.base1 = (base & 0xff000000) >> 24;
+
+        mem_write(gdt_entry_address, &gdt_entry, sizeof(gdt_entry));
+    }
+
+    void i386_emulator::emu_start(uint32_t begin_address, uint32_t end_address, uint64_t timeout, size_t count) {
+        auto err = uc_emu_start(m_unicorn_engine.get(), begin_address, end_address, timeout, count);
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"emu_start failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void i386_emulator::emu_stop() {
+        auto err = uc_emu_stop(m_unicorn_engine.get());
+        if (err) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_emu_stop failed.");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
--- a/navicat-patcher/i386_emulator.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/i386_emulator.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <unicorn/unicorn.h>
+
+#include <any>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "resource_wrapper.hpp"
+#include "resource_traits/unicorn/unicorn_handle.hpp"
+
+#include "exception.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-patcher\\i386_emulator.hpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    class i386_emulator {
+    public:
+        class backend_error : public ::nkg::exception {
+        public:
+            using error_code_t = uc_err;
+
+        private:
+            error_code_t m_error_code;
+            std::string m_error_string;
+
+        public:
+            backend_error(std::string_view file, int line, error_code_t unicorn_err, std::string_view message) noexcept :
+                ::nkg::exception(file, line, message), m_error_code(unicorn_err), m_error_string(uc_strerror(unicorn_err)) {}
+
+            [[nodiscard]]
+            virtual bool error_code_exists() const noexcept override {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            [[nodiscard]]
+            virtual intptr_t error_code() const noexcept override {
+                return m_error_code;
+            }
+
+            [[nodiscard]]
+            virtual const std::string& error_string() const noexcept override {
+                return m_error_string;
+            }
+        };
+
+        using hookcode_cb_t = void(uint32_t address, size_t size);
+        using hookmem_cb_t = void(uc_mem_type type, uint32_t address, size_t size, int32_t value);
+        using eventmem_cb_t = bool(uc_mem_type type, uint32_t address, size_t size, int32_t value);
+
+    private:
+        struct hook_stub_context_t {
+            i386_emulator* self;
+            uc_hook unicorn_hook_handle;
+        };
+
+        resource_wrapper<resource_traits::unicorn::unicorn_handle>    m_unicorn_engine;
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::any>                     m_unicorn_user_ctx;
+
+        std::unordered_map<uc_hook, std::unique_ptr<hook_stub_context_t>>    m_unicorn_hook_stub_ctxs;
+        std::unordered_map<uc_hook, std::any>                                m_unicorn_hook_callbacks;
+
+        static void _unicorn_hookcode_cb_stub(uc_engine* uc, uint64_t address, uint32_t size, void* user_data);
+        static void _unicorn_hookmem_cb_stub(uc_engine* uc, uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, void* user_data);
+        static bool _unicorn_eventmem_cb_stub(uc_engine* uc, uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, int size, int64_t value, void* user_data);
+
+    public:
+        i386_emulator();
+
+        void reg_read(int regid, void* value);
+
+        void reg_write(int regid, const void* value);
+
+        void mem_map(uint32_t address, size_t size, uint32_t perms);
+
+        void mem_unmap(uint32_t address, size_t size);
+
+        void mem_read(uint32_t address, void* buf, size_t size);
+
+        std::vector<uint8_t> mem_read(uint32_t address, size_t size);
+
+        void mem_write(uint32_t address, const void* buf, size_t size);
+
+        void mem_write(uint32_t address, const std::vector<uint8_t>& buf);
+
+        template<int hook_type, typename callable_t>
+        uc_hook hook_add(callable_t&& hook_callback, uint32_t begin_address = 1, uint32_t end_address = 0) {
+            uc_err err;
+
+            auto hook_stub_ctx = std::make_unique<hook_stub_context_t>();
+            hook_stub_ctx->self = this;
+            hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle = 0;
+
+            if constexpr (hook_type == UC_HOOK_CODE) {
+                err = uc_hook_add(m_unicorn_engine.get(), &hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, hook_type, _unicorn_hookcode_cb_stub, hook_stub_ctx.get(), begin_address, end_address);
+                if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+                    throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_hook_add failed.");
+                }
+
+                m_unicorn_hook_callbacks.emplace(std::make_pair(hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, std::function<hookcode_cb_t>{ std::forward<callable_t>(hook_callback) }));
+            } else if constexpr ((hook_type & ~UC_HOOK_MEM_VALID) == 0) {
+                err = uc_hook_add(m_unicorn_engine.get(), &hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, hook_type, _unicorn_hookmem_cb_stub, hook_stub_ctx.get(), begin_address, end_address);
+                if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+                    throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_hook_add failed.");
+                }
+
+                m_unicorn_hook_callbacks.emplace(std::make_pair(hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, std::function<hookmem_cb_t>{ std::forward<callable_t>(hook_callback) }));
+            } else if constexpr ((hook_type & ~UC_HOOK_MEM_UNMAPPED) == 0) {
+                err = uc_hook_add(m_unicorn_engine.get(), &hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, hook_type, _unicorn_eventmem_cb_stub, hook_stub_ctx.get(), begin_address, end_address);
+                if (err != UC_ERR_OK) {
+                    throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"uc_hook_add failed.");
+                }
+
+                m_unicorn_hook_callbacks.emplace(std::make_pair(hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, std::function<eventmem_cb_t>{ std::forward<callable_t>(hook_callback) }));
+            } else {
+                static_assert(
+                    hook_type == UC_HOOK_CODE ||
+                    (hook_type & ~UC_HOOK_MEM_VALID) == 0 ||
+                    (hook_type & ~UC_HOOK_MEM_UNMAPPED) == 0, "Unsupported hook type.");
+            }
+
+            return m_unicorn_hook_stub_ctxs.emplace(std::make_pair(hook_stub_ctx->unicorn_hook_handle, std::move(hook_stub_ctx))).first->first;
+        }
+
+        void hook_del(uc_hook hook_handle);
+
+        void create_gdt_entry(uint32_t gdt_entry_address, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access_byte, uint8_t flags);
+
+        void emu_start(uint32_t begin_address, uint32_t end_address = 0, uint64_t timeout = 0, size_t count = 0);
+
+        void emu_stop();
+
+        template<typename val_t>
+        void context_set(const std::string& name, val_t&& value) {
+            m_unicorn_user_ctx[name] = std::forward<val_t>(value);
+        }
+
+        template<typename val_t>
+        val_t context_get(const std::string& name) {
+            return std::any_cast<val_t>(m_unicorn_user_ctx[name]);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
--- a/navicat-patcher/image_interpreter.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/image_interpreter.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+#include "image_interpreter.hpp"
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+#include "exceptions/index_exception.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-patcher\\image_interpreter.cpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    image_interpreter::image_interpreter() :
+        m_dos_header(nullptr),
+        m_nt_headers(nullptr),
+        m_section_header_table(nullptr),
+        m_vs_fixed_file_info(nullptr) {}
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    image_interpreter image_interpreter::parse(void* image_base, bool parse_relocation) {
+        image_interpreter new_image;
+
+        new_image.m_dos_header = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER>(image_base);
+        if (new_image.m_dos_header->e_magic != IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) {
+            throw parse_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Invalid image: DOS signature check failure")
+                .push_hint(u8"Are you sure you DO provide a valid WinPE file?");
+        }
+
+        new_image.m_nt_headers = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(image_base) + new_image.m_dos_header->e_lfanew);
+        if (new_image.m_nt_headers->Signature != IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE) {
+            throw parse_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Invalid image: NT signature check failure")
+                .push_hint(u8"Are you sure you DO provide a valid WinPE file?");
+        }
+
+#if defined(_M_AMD64)
+        if (new_image.m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader.Magic != IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC) {
+            throw parse_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Invalid image: optional header magic check failure")
+                .push_hint(u8"Are you sure you DO provide a valid 64-bits WinPE file?");
+        }
+        if (new_image.m_nt_headers->FileHeader.Machine != IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64) {
+            throw parse_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Invalid image: machine check failure")
+                .push_hint(u8"Are you sure you DO provide a valid 64-bits WinPE file?");
+        }
+#elif defined(_M_IX86)
+        if (new_image.m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader.Magic != IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR32_MAGIC) {
+            throw parse_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Invalid Image. (Optional header magic check failure)")
+                .push_hint(u8"Are you sure you DO provide a valid 32-bits WinPE file?");
+        }
+        if (new_image.m_nt_headers->FileHeader.Machine != IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386) {
+            throw parse_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Invalid Image. (Machine check failure)")
+                .push_hint(u8"Are you sure you DO provide a valid 32-bits WinPE file?");
+        }
+#else
+#error "image_interpreter.cpp: unsupported architecture."
+#endif
+
+        new_image.m_section_header_table = 
+            reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&new_image.m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader) + new_image.m_nt_headers->FileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader);
+
+        for (WORD i = 0; i < new_image.m_nt_headers->FileHeader.NumberOfSections; ++i) {
+            auto section_name = make_section_name(new_image.m_section_header_table[i].Name);
+
+            if (new_image.m_section_header_name_lookup_table.find(section_name) == new_image.m_section_header_name_lookup_table.end()) {
+                new_image.m_section_header_name_lookup_table[section_name] = &new_image.m_section_header_table[i];
+            }
+
+            new_image.m_section_header_rva_lookup_table[new_image.m_section_header_table[i].VirtualAddress] = &new_image.m_section_header_table[i];
+            new_image.m_section_header_fo_lookup_table[new_image.m_section_header_table[i].PointerToRawData] = &new_image.m_section_header_table[i];
+        }
+
+        if (parse_relocation && new_image.m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC].VirtualAddress != 0) {
+            auto relocation_table = 
+                new_image.convert_rva_to_ptr<PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION>(new_image.m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC].VirtualAddress);
+
+            while (relocation_table->VirtualAddress != 0) {
+                rva_t rva = relocation_table->VirtualAddress;
+                auto reloc_items = reinterpret_cast<WORD*>(relocation_table + 1);
+                auto reloc_items_count = (relocation_table->SizeOfBlock - sizeof(IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION)) / sizeof(WORD);
+
+                for (DWORD i = 0; i < reloc_items_count; ++i) {
+                    auto reloc_type = reloc_items[i] >> 12;
+
+                    switch (reloc_type) {
+                        case IMAGE_REL_BASED_ABSOLUTE:
+                            break;
+                        case IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGH:
+                        case IMAGE_REL_BASED_LOW:
+                        case IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGHADJ:
+                            new_image.m_relocation_rva_lookup_table[rva + (reloc_items[i] & 0x0fff)] = 2;
+                            break;
+                        case IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGHLOW:
+                            new_image.m_relocation_rva_lookup_table[rva + (reloc_items[i] & 0x0fff)] = 4;
+                            break;
+#if defined(IMAGE_REL_BASED_DIR64)
+                        case IMAGE_REL_BASED_DIR64:
+                            new_image.m_relocation_rva_lookup_table[rva + (reloc_items[i] & 0x0fff)] = 8;
+                            break;
+#endif
+                        default:
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                relocation_table = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION>(&reloc_items[reloc_items_count]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (new_image.m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT].VirtualAddress) {
+            rva_t import_rva = new_image.m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT].VirtualAddress;
+
+            auto import_descriptors = new_image.convert_rva_to_ptr<PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR>(import_rva);
+            for (size_t i = 0; import_descriptors[i].OriginalFirstThunk != 0; ++i) {
+                auto import_lookup_table = new_image.convert_rva_to_ptr<PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(import_descriptors[i].OriginalFirstThunk);
+                rva_t import_address_table_rva = import_descriptors[i].FirstThunk;
+
+                for (size_t j = 0; import_lookup_table[j].u1.Ordinal != 0; ++j) {
+                    new_image.m_iat_rva_lookup_table[import_address_table_rva + j * sizeof(IMAGE_THUNK_DATA)] = std::make_pair(&import_descriptors[i], &import_lookup_table[j]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (new_image.m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESOURCE].VirtualAddress) {
+            rva_t resource_rva = new_image.m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESOURCE].VirtualAddress;
+
+            auto res_type_directory = new_image.convert_rva_to_ptr<PIMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY>(resource_rva);
+            auto res_type_name_entries = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY>(res_type_directory + 1);
+            auto res_type_id_entries = res_type_name_entries + res_type_directory->NumberOfNamedEntries;
+
+            for (WORD i = 0; i < res_type_directory->NumberOfIdEntries && new_image.m_vs_fixed_file_info == nullptr; ++i) {
+                if (res_type_id_entries[i].Id == reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(RT_VERSION) && res_type_id_entries[i].DataIsDirectory) {
+                    auto res_name_directory = new_image.convert_rva_to_ptr<PIMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY>(resource_rva + res_type_id_entries[i].OffsetToDirectory);
+                    auto res_name_name_entries = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY>(res_name_directory + 1);
+                    auto res_name_id_entries = res_name_name_entries + res_name_directory->NumberOfNamedEntries;
+
+                    for (WORD j = 0; j < res_name_directory->NumberOfIdEntries && new_image.m_vs_fixed_file_info == nullptr; ++j) {
+                        if (res_name_id_entries[j].Id == VS_VERSION_INFO && res_name_id_entries[j].DataIsDirectory) {
+                            auto res_lang_directory = new_image.convert_rva_to_ptr<PIMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY>(resource_rva + res_name_id_entries[j].OffsetToDirectory);
+                            auto res_lang_name_entries = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_RESOURCE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY>(res_lang_directory + 1);
+                            auto res_lang_id_entries = res_lang_name_entries + res_lang_directory->NumberOfNamedEntries;
+
+                            for (WORD k = 0; k < res_lang_directory->NumberOfIdEntries && new_image.m_vs_fixed_file_info == nullptr; ++k) {
+                                constexpr WORD neutral_lang_id = MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_NEUTRAL);
+                                constexpr WORD english_lang_id = MAKELANGID(LANG_ENGLISH, SUBLANG_ENGLISH_US);
+
+                                if ((res_lang_id_entries[k].Id == neutral_lang_id || res_lang_id_entries[k].Id == english_lang_id) && !res_lang_id_entries[k].DataIsDirectory) {
+                                    auto res_data_entry = new_image.convert_rva_to_ptr<PIMAGE_RESOURCE_DATA_ENTRY>(resource_rva + res_lang_id_entries[k].OffsetToData);
+
+                                    auto vs_version_info = new_image.convert_rva_to_ptr<PBYTE>(res_data_entry->OffsetToData);
+                                    auto vs_version_info_key = reinterpret_cast<PWSTR>(vs_version_info + 6); // vs_version_info->szKey
+                                    if (_wcsicmp(vs_version_info_key, L"VS_VERSION_INFO") == 0) {
+                                        auto p = reinterpret_cast<PBYTE>(vs_version_info_key + _countof(L"VS_VERSION_INFO"));
+                                        while (new_image.convert_ptr_to_rva(p) % sizeof(DWORD)) {
+                                            ++p;
+                                        }
+
+                                        auto vs_fixed_file_info = reinterpret_cast<VS_FIXEDFILEINFO*>(p);
+
+                                        if (vs_fixed_file_info->dwSignature == VS_FFI_SIGNATURE) {
+                                            new_image.m_vs_fixed_file_info = vs_fixed_file_info;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new_image;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER image_interpreter::image_dos_header() const noexcept {
+        return m_dos_header;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS image_interpreter::image_nt_headers() const noexcept {
+        return m_nt_headers;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER image_interpreter::image_section_header_table() const noexcept {
+        return m_section_header_table;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER image_interpreter::image_section_header(size_t n) const {
+        if (n < m_nt_headers->FileHeader.NumberOfSections) {
+            return m_section_header_table + n;
+        } else {
+            throw exceptions::index_exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Section index is out of range.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER image_interpreter::image_section_header(std::string_view section_name) const {
+        if (section_name.length() <= 8) {
+            std::array<BYTE, 8> name{};
+
+            std::copy(section_name.begin(), section_name.end(), name.begin());
+
+            auto it = m_section_header_name_lookup_table.find(name);
+            if (it != m_section_header_name_lookup_table.end()) {
+                return it->second;
+            } else {
+                throw exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), fmt::format(u8"Target section header is not found: section_name = {}", section_name));
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Target section header is not found: section_name is too long.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER image_interpreter::image_section_header_from_rva(rva_t rva) const {
+        auto it = m_section_header_rva_lookup_table.upper_bound(rva);
+        if (it != m_section_header_rva_lookup_table.begin()) {
+            --it;
+        }
+
+        rva_t section_rva_begin = it->second->VirtualAddress;
+        rva_t section_rva_end = section_rva_begin + it->second->Misc.VirtualSize;
+
+        if (section_rva_begin <= rva && rva < section_rva_end) {
+            return it->second;
+        } else {
+            throw exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Target section header is not found.")
+                .push_hint(fmt::format("rva = 0x{:x}", rva));
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER image_interpreter::image_section_header_from_va(va_t va) const {
+        return image_section_header_from_rva(static_cast<rva_t>(va - m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader.ImageBase));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER image_interpreter::image_section_header_from_fo(fo_t file_offset) const {
+        auto it = m_section_header_fo_lookup_table.upper_bound(file_offset);
+        if (it != m_section_header_fo_lookup_table.begin()) {
+            --it;
+        }
+
+        uintptr_t section_fo_begin = it->second->PointerToRawData;
+        uintptr_t section_fo_end = section_fo_begin + it->second->SizeOfRawData;
+
+        if (section_fo_begin <= file_offset && file_offset < section_fo_end) {
+            return it->second;
+        } else {
+            throw exception(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), u8"Target section header is not found.")
+                .push_hint(fmt::format(u8"file_offset = 0x{:x}", file_offset));
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    image_interpreter::va_t image_interpreter::convert_rva_to_va(rva_t rva) const noexcept {
+        return rva + m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader.ImageBase;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    image_interpreter::fo_t image_interpreter::convert_rva_to_fo(rva_t rva) const {
+        auto section_header = image_section_header_from_rva(rva);
+        return section_header->PointerToRawData + (rva - static_cast<uintptr_t>(section_header->VirtualAddress));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    image_interpreter::rva_t image_interpreter::convert_fo_to_rva(fo_t file_offset) const {
+        auto section_header = image_section_header_from_fo(file_offset);
+        return section_header->VirtualAddress + (file_offset - section_header->PointerToRawData);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    image_interpreter::va_t image_interpreter::convert_fo_to_va(fo_t file_offset) const {
+        return convert_fo_to_rva(file_offset) + m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader.ImageBase;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    image_interpreter::rva_t image_interpreter::convert_va_to_rva(va_t va) const noexcept {
+        return va - m_nt_headers->OptionalHeader.ImageBase;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    image_interpreter::fo_t image_interpreter::convert_va_to_fo(va_t va) const {
+        return image_section_header_from_va(va)->PointerToRawData;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]]
+    size_t image_interpreter::number_of_sections() const noexcept {
+        return m_nt_headers->FileHeader.NumberOfSections;
+    }
+
+    PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR image_interpreter::import_descriptor_from_rva(rva_t rva) {
+        auto it = m_iat_rva_lookup_table.find(rva);
+        return it != m_iat_rva_lookup_table.end() ? it->second.first : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA image_interpreter::import_lookup_entry_from_rva(rva_t rva) {
+        auto it = m_iat_rva_lookup_table.find(rva);
+        return it != m_iat_rva_lookup_table.end() ? it->second.second : nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
--- a/navicat-patcher/image_interpreter.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/image_interpreter.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <array>
+#include <map>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "exception.hpp"
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    class image_interpreter {
+    public:
+        using va_t = uintptr_t;
+        using rva_t = uintptr_t;
+        using fo_t = uintptr_t;
+
+    private:
+        PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER m_dos_header;
+        PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS m_nt_headers;
+        PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER m_section_header_table;
+
+        std::map<std::array<BYTE, 8>, PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER> m_section_header_name_lookup_table;
+        std::map<rva_t, PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER> m_section_header_rva_lookup_table;
+        std::map<fo_t, PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER> m_section_header_fo_lookup_table;
+
+        std::map<rva_t, size_t> m_relocation_rva_lookup_table;
+
+        std::map<rva_t, std::pair<PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR, PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>> m_iat_rva_lookup_table;
+
+        VS_FIXEDFILEINFO* m_vs_fixed_file_info;
+
+        image_interpreter();
+
+        static std::array<BYTE, 8> make_section_name(const BYTE (&name)[8]) {
+            std::array<BYTE, 8> retval;
+            std::copy(std::begin(name), std::end(name), retval.begin());
+            return retval;
+        }
+
+    public:
+        class parse_error : public ::nkg::exception    {
+        public:
+            parse_error(std::string_view file, int line, std::string_view message) noexcept :
+                ::nkg::exception(file, line, message) {}
+        };
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        static image_interpreter parse(void* image_base, bool parse_relocation);
+
+        template<typename ptr_t = void*>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        ptr_t image_base() const noexcept {
+            static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<ptr_t>);
+            return reinterpret_cast<ptr_t>(m_dos_header);
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER image_dos_header() const noexcept;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS image_nt_headers() const noexcept;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER image_section_header_table() const noexcept;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER image_section_header(size_t n) const;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER image_section_header(std::string_view name) const;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER image_section_header_from_rva(rva_t rva) const;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER image_section_header_from_va(va_t va) const;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER image_section_header_from_fo(fo_t file_offset) const;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        va_t convert_rva_to_va(rva_t rva) const noexcept;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        fo_t convert_rva_to_fo(rva_t rva) const;
+
+        template<typename ptr_t = void*>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        ptr_t convert_rva_to_ptr(rva_t rva) const {
+            static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<ptr_t>);
+            return convert_fo_to_ptr<ptr_t>(convert_rva_to_fo(rva));
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        rva_t convert_fo_to_rva(fo_t file_offset) const;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        va_t convert_fo_to_va(fo_t file_offset) const;
+
+        template<typename ptr_t>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        ptr_t convert_fo_to_ptr(fo_t file_offset) const noexcept {
+            static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<ptr_t>);
+            return reinterpret_cast<ptr_t>(image_base<char*>() + file_offset);
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        rva_t convert_va_to_rva(va_t va) const noexcept;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        fo_t convert_va_to_fo(va_t va) const;
+
+        template<typename ptr_t>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        ptr_t convert_va_to_ptr(va_t va) const noexcept {
+            return convert_rva_to_ptr<ptr_t>(convert_va_to_rva(va));
+        }
+
+        template<typename ptr_t>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        fo_t convert_ptr_to_fo(ptr_t ptr) const noexcept {
+            static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<ptr_t>);
+            return reinterpret_cast<const volatile char*>(ptr) - image_base<const volatile char*>();
+        }
+
+        template<typename ptr_t>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        rva_t convert_ptr_to_rva(ptr_t ptr) const {
+            return convert_fo_to_rva(convert_ptr_to_fo(ptr));
+        }
+
+        template<typename ptr_t>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        va_t convert_ptr_to_va(ptr_t ptr) const {
+            return convert_fo_to_va(convert_ptr_to_fo(ptr));
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        size_t number_of_sections() const noexcept;
+
+        template<typename ptr_t = void*>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        ptr_t image_section_view(size_t n, size_t offset = 0) const {
+            static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<ptr_t>);
+            return reinterpret_cast<ptr_t>(image_base<char*>() + image_section_header(n)->PointerToRawData + offset);
+        }
+
+        template<typename ptr_t = void*>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        ptr_t image_section_view(std::string_view section_name, size_t offset = 0) const {
+            static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<ptr_t>);
+            return reinterpret_cast<ptr_t>(image_base<char*>() + image_section_header(section_name)->PointerToRawData + offset);
+        }
+
+        template<typename ptr_t, typename pred_func_t>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        ptr_t search_section(size_t n, pred_func_t&& pred_func) const {
+            static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<ptr_t>);
+
+            auto section_header = image_section_header(n);
+
+            auto begin = image_base<const uint8_t*>() + section_header->PointerToRawData;
+            auto end = begin + section_header->Misc.VirtualSize;
+
+            for (; begin < end; ++begin) {
+                if (pred_func(begin, end - begin)) {
+                    return reinterpret_cast<ptr_t>(const_cast<uint8_t*>(begin));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        template<typename ptr_t, typename pred_func_t>
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        ptr_t search_section(std::string_view section_name, pred_func_t&& pred_func) const {
+            static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<ptr_t>);
+
+            auto section_header = image_section_header(section_name);
+
+            auto begin = image_base<const uint8_t*>() + section_header->PointerToRawData;
+            auto end = begin + section_header->Misc.VirtualSize;
+
+            for (; begin < end; ++begin) {
+                if (pred_func(begin, end - begin)) {
+                    return reinterpret_cast<ptr_t>(const_cast<uint8_t*>(begin));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR import_descriptor_from_rva(rva_t rva);
+
+        PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA import_lookup_entry_from_rva(rva_t rva);
+
+        auto& relocation_distribute() {
+            return m_relocation_rva_lookup_table;
+        }
+    };
+
+}
--- a/navicat-patcher/keystone_assembler.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/keystone_assembler.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "keystone_assembler.hpp"
+
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE() u8".\\navicat-patcher\\keystone_assembler.cpp"
+#define NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE() __LINE__
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    keystone_assembler::keystone_assembler(ks_arch architecture, ks_mode mode) {
+        auto err = ks_open(architecture, mode, m_keystone_engine.unsafe_addressof());
+        if (err != KS_ERR_OK) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"ks_open failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void keystone_assembler::option(ks_opt_type option_type, size_t option_value) {
+        auto err = ks_option(m_keystone_engine.get(), option_type, option_value);
+        if (err != KS_ERR_OK) {
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"ks_option failed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> keystone_assembler::assemble(std::string_view asm_string, uint64_t asm_address) const {
+        resource_wrapper machine_code{ resource_traits::keystone::keystone_alloc{} };
+        size_t machine_code_size = 0;
+        size_t stat_count = 0;
+
+        if (ks_asm(m_keystone_engine.get(), asm_string.data(), asm_address, machine_code.unsafe_addressof(), &machine_code_size, &stat_count) < 0) {
+            auto err = ks_errno(m_keystone_engine.get());
+            throw backend_error(NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE(), NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE(), err, u8"ks_option failed.");
+        }
+
+        return std::vector<uint8_t>(machine_code.get(), machine_code.get() + machine_code_size);
+    }
+
+}
+
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_LINE
+#undef NKG_CURRENT_SOURCE_FILE
--- a/navicat-patcher/keystone_assembler.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/keystone_assembler.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <keystone/keystone.h>
+
+#include "resource_wrapper.hpp"
+#include "resource_traits/keystone/keystone_handle.hpp"
+
+#include "exception.hpp"
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    class keystone_assembler {
+    public:
+        class backend_error : public ::nkg::exception {
+        public:
+            using error_code_t = ks_err;
+
+        private:
+            error_code_t m_error_code;
+            std::string m_error_string;
+
+        public:
+            backend_error(std::string_view file, int line, error_code_t keystone_err, std::string_view message) noexcept :
+                ::nkg::exception(file, line, message), m_error_code(keystone_err), m_error_string(ks_strerror(keystone_err)) {}
+
+            [[nodiscard]]
+            virtual bool error_code_exists() const noexcept override {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            [[nodiscard]]
+            virtual intptr_t error_code() const noexcept override {
+                return m_error_code;
+            }
+
+            [[nodiscard]]
+            virtual const std::string& error_string() const noexcept override {
+                return m_error_string;
+            }
+        };
+
+    private:
+        resource_wrapper<resource_traits::keystone::keystone_handle> m_keystone_engine;
+
+    public:
+        keystone_assembler(ks_arch architecture, ks_mode mode);
+
+        void option(ks_opt_type option_type, size_t option_value);
+
+        std::vector<uint8_t> assemble(std::string_view asm_string, uint64_t asm_address = 0) const;
+    };
+
+}
--- a/navicat-patcher/main.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/main.cpp
@ -1,335 +0,0 @@
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include "Exception.hpp"
-#include "ExceptionSystem.hpp"
-#include "ResourceWrapper.hpp"
-#include "ResourceTraitsUnix.hpp"
-#include "Elf64Interpreter.hpp"
-#include "PatchSolutions.hpp"
-#include "Misc.hpp"
-
-static void Welcome(bool bWait) {
-    puts("**********************************************************");
-    puts("*       Navicat Patcher (Linux) by @DoubleLabyrinth      *");
-    puts("*                  Version: 1.0                          *");
-    puts("**********************************************************");
-    puts("");
-    if (bWait) {
-        puts("Press ENTER to continue or Ctrl + C to abort.");
-        getchar();
-    }
-}
-
-static void Help() {
-    puts("Usage:");
-    puts("    navicat-patcher [--dry-run] <Navicat installation path> [RSA-2048 Private Key File]");
-    puts("");
-    puts("    [--dry-run]                   Run patcher without applying any patches.");
-    puts("                                  This parameter is optional.");
-    puts("");
-    puts("    <Navicat installation path>   Path to directory where Navicat is installed.");
-    puts("                                  This parameter must be specified.");
-    puts("");
-    puts("    [RSA-2048 Private Key File]   Path to a PEM-format RSA-2048 private key file.");
-    puts("                                  This parameter is optional.");
-    puts("");
-}
-
-static bool ParseCommandLine(int argc, char* argv[], bool& bDryrun, std::string& szInstallPath, std::string& szKeyFilePath) {
-    if (argc == 2) {
-        bDryrun = false;
-        szInstallPath = argv[1];
-        szKeyFilePath.clear();
-        return true;
-    } else if (argc == 3) {
-        if (strcasecmp(argv[1], "--dry-run") == 0) {
-            bDryrun = true;
-            szInstallPath = argv[2];
-            szKeyFilePath.clear();
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            bDryrun = false;
-            szInstallPath = argv[1];
-            szKeyFilePath = argv[2];
-            return true;
-        }
-    } else if (argc == 4) {
-        if (strcasecmp(argv[1], "--dry-run") == 0) {
-            bDryrun = true;
-            szInstallPath = argv[2];
-            szKeyFilePath = argv[3];
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
-}
-
-static void SelectPatchSolutions(ARL::ResourceWrapper<ARL::ResourceTraits::CppObject<nkg::PatchSolution>>& lpSolution0) {
-    // pass
-}
-
-static void NavicatBackupDetect(std::string_view szFilePath) {
-    std::string szBackupPath(szFilePath);
-    szBackupPath += ".bak";
-    if (nkg::Misc::FsIsExist(szBackupPath) == true) {
-        while (true) {
-            printf("[?] Previous backup %s is detected. Delete? (y/n)", szBackupPath.c_str());
-
-            auto select = getchar(); 
-            while (select != '\n' && getchar() != '\n') {}
-
-            if (select == 'Y' || select == 'y') {
-                nkg::Misc::FsDeleteFile(szBackupPath);
-                break;
-            } else if (select == 'N' || select == 'n') {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Backup file still existed. Patch abort!");
-            } else {
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-
-        printf("\n");
-    }
-}
-
-static void NavicatBackupMake(std::string_view szFilePath) {
-    std::string szBackupPath(szFilePath);
-    szBackupPath += ".bak";
-    nkg::Misc::FsCopyFile(szFilePath, szBackupPath);
-}
-
-static void LoadKey(nkg::RSACipher& Cipher, 
-                    std::string_view szKeyFileName,
-                    nkg::PatchSolution* lpSolution0) {
-    if (szKeyFileName.empty() == false) {
-        printf("[*] Import RSA-2048 key from %s\n", szKeyFileName.data());
-
-        Cipher.ImportKeyFromFile<nkg::RSAKeyType::PrivateKey, nkg::RSAKeyFormat::PEM>(szKeyFileName);
-
-        if (lpSolution0 && lpSolution0->CheckKey(Cipher) == false) {
-            throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "The RSA private key you provide cannot be used.");
-        }
-    } else {
-        printf("[*] Generating new RSA private key, it may take a long time...\n");
-
-        do {
-            Cipher.GenerateKey(2048);
-        } while (lpSolution0 && lpSolution0->CheckKey(Cipher) == false);   // re-generate RSA key if CheckKey return false
-    }
-
-    printf("[*] Your RSA private key:\n");
-    printf("    %s\n", 
-        [&Cipher]() -> std::string {
-            auto szPrivateKey = Cipher.ExportKeyString<nkg::RSAKeyType::PrivateKey, nkg::RSAKeyFormat::PEM>();
-            for (size_t pos = 0; (pos = szPrivateKey.find('\n', pos)) != std::string::npos; pos += strlen("\n    ")) {
-                szPrivateKey.replace(pos, 1, "\n    ");
-            }
-            return szPrivateKey;
-        }().c_str()
-    );
-
-    printf("[*] Your RSA public key:\n");
-    printf("    %s\n", 
-        [&Cipher]() -> std::string {
-            auto szPublicKey = Cipher.ExportKeyString<nkg::RSAKeyType::PublicKey, nkg::RSAKeyFormat::PEM>();
-            for (size_t pos = 0; (pos = szPublicKey.find('\n', pos)) != std::string::npos; pos += strlen("\n    ")) {
-                szPublicKey.replace(pos, 1, "\n    ");
-            }
-            return szPublicKey;
-        }().c_str()
-    );
-    //printf("%s\n", Cipher.ExportKeyString<nkg::RSAKeyType::PublicKey, nkg::RSAKeyFormat::PEM>().c_str());
-
-    printf("\n");
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
-    bool bDryrun;
-    std::string szInstallPath;
-    std::string szKeyFilePath;
-
-    if (ParseCommandLine(argc, argv, bDryrun, szInstallPath, szKeyFilePath) == false) {
-        Welcome(false);
-        Help();
-        return -1;
-    } else {
-        Welcome(true);
-
-        try {
-            if (nkg::Misc::FsIsDirectory(szInstallPath) == false) {
-                 throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "Navicat installation path doesn't point to a directory.")
-                    .PushHint("Are you sure the path you specified is correct?")
-                    .PushFormatHint("The path you specified: %s", szInstallPath.c_str());
-            }
-
-            if (szKeyFilePath.empty() == false && nkg::Misc::FsIsFile(szKeyFilePath) == false) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "RSA key file path doesn't point to a file.")
-                    .PushHint("Are you sure the path you specified is correct?")
-                    .PushFormatHint("The path you specified: %s", szKeyFilePath.c_str());
-            }
-
-            while (szInstallPath.back() == '/') {
-                szInstallPath.pop_back();
-            }
-
-            nkg::RSACipher Cipher;
-            ARL::ResourceWrapper<ARL::ResourceTraits::CppObject<nkg::PatchSolution>> lpSolution0;
-
-            std::string             libcc_path;
-            ARL::ResourceWrapper    libcc_fd{ ARL::ResourceTraits::FileDescriptor{} };
-            ARL::ResourceWrapper    libcc_stat{ ARL::ResourceTraits::CppObject<struct stat>{} };
-            ARL::ResourceWrapperEx  libcc_mmap{ ARL::ResourceTraits::MapView{}, [&libcc_stat](void* p) { 
-                if (munmap(p, libcc_stat->st_size) < 0) {
-                    throw ARL::SystemError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, errno, "munmap failed.");
-                } 
-            } };
-            ARL::ResourceWrapper    libcc_interpreter{ ARL::ResourceTraits::CppObject<nkg::Elf64Interpreter>{} };
-
-            //
-            // try open libcc.so
-            //
-            libcc_path = szInstallPath + "/usr/lib/libcc.so";
-            libcc_fd.TakeOver(open(libcc_path.c_str(), O_RDWR));
-            if (libcc_fd.IsValid()) {
-                printf("[+] Try to open libcc.so ... Ok!\n");
-            } else {
-                if (errno == ENOENT) {
-                    printf("[-] Try to open libcc.so ... Not found!\n");
-                } else {
-                    throw ARL::SystemError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, errno, "open failed.");
-                }
-            }
-
-            puts("");
-
-            //
-            // try map libcc.so
-            //
-
-            if (libcc_fd.IsValid()) {
-                libcc_stat.TakeOver(new struct stat());
-                if (fstat(libcc_fd, libcc_stat) != 0) {
-                    throw ARL::SystemError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, errno, "fstat failed.");
-                }
-
-                libcc_mmap.TakeOver(mmap(nullptr, libcc_stat->st_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, libcc_fd, 0));
-                if (libcc_mmap.IsValid() == false) {
-                    throw ARL::SystemError(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, errno, "mmap failed.");
-                }
-
-                libcc_interpreter.TakeOver(
-                    new nkg::Elf64Interpreter(nkg::Elf64Interpreter::Parse(libcc_mmap, libcc_stat->st_size))
-                );
-
-                lpSolution0.TakeOver(
-                    new nkg::PatchSolution0(*libcc_interpreter.Get())
-                );
-            }
-
-            //
-            // Make sure that there is one patch solution at least existing.
-            //
-            if (lpSolution0.IsValid() == false) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "No patch applied. Patch abort!")
-                    .PushHint("Are you sure your Navicat has not been patched/modified before?");
-            }
-
-            //
-            // Finding patch offsets
-            //
-
-            if (lpSolution0.IsValid() && lpSolution0->FindPatchOffset() == false) {
-                lpSolution0.Release();
-            }
-
-            printf("\n");
-
-            //
-            //  decide which solutions will be applied
-            //
-            SelectPatchSolutions(lpSolution0);
-
-            //
-            // Make sure that there is one patch solution at least existing.
-            //
-            if (lpSolution0.IsValid() == false) {
-                throw ARL::Exception(__BASE_FILE__, __LINE__, "No patch applied. Patch abort!")
-                    .PushHint("Are you sure your Navicat has not been patched/modified before?");
-            }
-            
-            //
-            // detecting backups
-            //
-            if (lpSolution0.IsValid()) {
-                NavicatBackupDetect(libcc_path);
-            }
-
-            //
-            //
-            //
-            LoadKey(Cipher, szKeyFilePath, lpSolution0);
-
-            if (bDryrun == false) {
-                //
-                // Save private key if not given
-                //
-                if (szKeyFilePath.empty()) {
-                    Cipher.ExportKeyToFile<nkg::RSAKeyType::PrivateKey, nkg::RSAKeyFormat::PEM>("RegPrivateKey.pem");
-                }
-
-                //
-                // Making backups
-                //
-                if (lpSolution0.IsValid()) {
-                    NavicatBackupMake(libcc_path);
-                }
-
-                //
-                // Making patch. No way to go back here :-)
-                //
-                if (lpSolution0.IsValid()) {
-                    lpSolution0->MakePatch(Cipher);
-                }
-                
-                if (szKeyFilePath.empty()) {
-                    printf("[*] New RSA-2048 private key has been saved to\n");
-                    printf("    %s/RegPrivateKey.pem\n", nkg::Misc::FsCurrentWorkingDirectory().c_str());
-                    printf("\n");
-                }
-                
-                puts("*******************************************************");
-                puts("*           PATCH HAS BEEN DONE SUCCESSFULLY!         *");
-                puts("*                  HAVE FUN AND ENJOY~                *");
-                puts("*******************************************************");
-            } else {
-                puts("*******************************************************");
-                puts("*               DRY-RUN MODE ENABLE!                  *");
-                puts("*             NO PATCH WILL BE APPLIED!               *");
-                puts("*******************************************************");
-            }
-
-            return 0;
-        } catch (ARL::Exception& e) {
-            printf("[-] %s:%zu ->\n", e.ExceptionFile(), e.ExceptionLine());
-            printf("    %s\n", e.ExceptionMessage());
-
-            if (e.HasErrorCode()) {
-                printf("    %s (0x%zx)\n", e.ErrorString(), e.ErrorCode());
-            }
-
-            for (const auto& Hint : e.Hints()) {
-                printf("    Hints: %s\n", Hint.c_str());
-            }
-
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
--- a/navicat-patcher/navicat-patcher.vcxproj
+++ b/navicat-patcher/navicat-patcher.vcxproj
@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <VCProjectVersion>16.0</VCProjectVersion>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+    <ProjectGuid>{1b6920eb-e6ed-465f-9600-b5f816752375}</ProjectGuid>
+    <RootNamespace>navicatpatcher</RootNamespace>
+    <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="Shared">
+    <Import Project="..\common\common.vcxitems" Label="Shared" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir>$(SolutionDir)\bin\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir>$(SolutionDir)\obj\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir>$(SolutionDir)\bin\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir>$(SolutionDir)\obj\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir>$(SolutionDir)\bin\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir>$(SolutionDir)\obj\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir>$(SolutionDir)\bin\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir>$(SolutionDir)\obj\$(PlatformTarget)-$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Vcpkg" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <VcpkgUseStatic>true</VcpkgUseStatic>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Vcpkg" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <VcpkgUseStatic>true</VcpkgUseStatic>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Vcpkg" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <VcpkgUseStatic>true</VcpkgUseStatic>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Vcpkg" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <VcpkgUseStatic>true</VcpkgUseStatic>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+      <LanguageStandard>stdcpp17</LanguageStandard>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+      <LanguageStandard>stdcpp17</LanguageStandard>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+      <LanguageStandard>stdcpp17</LanguageStandard>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
+      <LanguageStandard>stdcpp17</LanguageStandard>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="i386_emulator.cpp">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="image_interpreter.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="keystone_assembler.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.amd64.cpp">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="amd64_emulator.cpp">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.generic.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.i386.cpp">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="wmain.cpp" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="i386_emulator.hpp">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="keystone_assembler.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="patch_solution.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="image_interpreter.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="patch_solution_since.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="amd64_emulator.hpp">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/navicat-patcher/navicat-patcher.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/navicat-patcher/navicat-patcher.vcxproj.filters
@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="源文件">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;c++;cppm;ixx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="头文件">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;h++;hm;inl;inc;ipp;xsd</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="资源文件">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="wmain.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="image_interpreter.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.amd64.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="amd64_emulator.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="keystone_assembler.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.generic.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="i386_emulator.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.i386.cpp">
+      <Filter>源文件</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="patch_solution.hpp">
+      <Filter>头文件</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.hpp">
+      <Filter>头文件</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="patch_solution_since.hpp">
+      <Filter>头文件</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="image_interpreter.hpp">
+      <Filter>头文件</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="amd64_emulator.hpp">
+      <Filter>头文件</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="keystone_assembler.hpp">
+      <Filter>头文件</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="i386_emulator.hpp">
+      <Filter>头文件</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/navicat-patcher/navicat-patcher.vcxproj.user
+++ b/navicat-patcher/navicat-patcher.vcxproj.user
@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="Current" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ShowAllFiles>true</ShowAllFiles>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/navicat-patcher/patch_solution.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/patch_solution.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "rsa_cipher.hpp"
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    class patch_solution {
+    public:
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        virtual bool find_patch() = 0;
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        virtual bool check_rsa_privkey(const rsa_cipher& cipher) = 0;
+
+        virtual void make_patch(const rsa_cipher& cipher) = 0;
+
+        virtual ~patch_solution() = default;
+    };
+
+}
--- a/navicat-patcher/patch_solution_since.hpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/patch_solution_since.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "patch_solution.hpp"
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    template<int major_ver0, int major_ver1, int minor_ver0, int minor_ver1>
+    class patch_solution_since;
+
+}
--- a/navicat-patcher/patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.amd64.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.amd64.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#include "amd64_emulator.hpp"
+#include "keystone_assembler.hpp"
+#include "patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.hpp"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>::patch_solution_since(image_interpreter& libcc_interpreter) :
+        m_libcc_interpreter(libcc_interpreter),
+        m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_vtable(0),
+        m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_GenerateRegistrationKey(0),
+        m_va_iat_entry_malloc(0) {}
+
+    bool patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>::find_patch() {
+        auto CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_type_descriptor_name = 
+            m_libcc_interpreter.search_section<const uint8_t*>(
+                ".data", 
+                [](const uint8_t* p, size_t s) {
+                    if (s < sizeof(".?AVCSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN@@")) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    return strcmp(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(p), ".?AVCSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN@@") == 0;
+                }
+            );
+
+        if (CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_type_descriptor_name == nullptr) {
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: RTTI info for CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN is not found. (failure label 0)\n");
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: This patch solution will be suppressed.\n");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_type_descriptor = CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_type_descriptor_name - 0x10;
+
+        auto CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_type_descriptor_rva = m_libcc_interpreter.convert_ptr_to_rva(CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_type_descriptor);
+
+        auto CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_complete_object_locator_pTypeDescriptor =
+            m_libcc_interpreter.search_section<const uint8_t*>(
+                ".rdata", 
+                [this, CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_type_descriptor_rva](const uint8_t* p, size_t s) {
+                    if (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p) % sizeof(uint32_t) != 0) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    if (s < sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    if (*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(p) != CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_type_descriptor_rva) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    if (s < sizeof(uint32_t) * 2) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    auto maybe_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_class_hierarchy_descriptor_rva = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(p)[1];
+
+                    try {
+                        return memcmp(m_libcc_interpreter.image_section_header_from_rva(maybe_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_class_hierarchy_descriptor_rva)->Name, ".rdata\x00\x00", 8) == 0;
+                    } catch (nkg::exception&) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            );
+
+        if (CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_complete_object_locator_pTypeDescriptor == nullptr) {
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: RTTI info for CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN is not found. (failure label 1)\n");
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: This patch solution will be suppressed.\n");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_complete_object_locator = CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_complete_object_locator_pTypeDescriptor - 0xC;
+
+        auto CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_complete_object_locator_va = m_libcc_interpreter.convert_ptr_to_va(CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_complete_object_locator);
+
+        auto CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_vtable_before =
+            m_libcc_interpreter.search_section<const uint8_t*>(
+                ".rdata",
+                [CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_complete_object_locator_va](const uint8_t* p, size_t s) {
+                    if (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p) % sizeof(uint64_t) != 0) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    if (s < sizeof(uint64_t)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    return *reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t*>(p) == CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_rtti_complete_object_locator_va;
+                }
+            );
+
+        if (CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_vtable_before == nullptr) {
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: Vftable for CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN is not found.\n");
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: This patch solution will be suppressed.\n");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_vtable = 
+            reinterpret_cast<const image_interpreter::va_t*>(CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_vtable_before + sizeof(image_interpreter::va_t));
+
+        m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_vtable = m_libcc_interpreter.convert_ptr_to_va(CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_vtable);
+        m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_GenerateRegistrationKey = CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_vtable[6];
+        wprintf(L"[*] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_vtable = 0x%016llx\n", m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_vtable);
+        wprintf(L"[*] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_GenerateRegistrationKey = 0x%016llx\n", m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_GenerateRegistrationKey);
+
+        amd64_emulator x64_emulator;
+
+        x64_emulator.context_set("heap_base", uint64_t{ 0x00007fff00000000 });
+        x64_emulator.context_set("heap_size", size_t{ 0x1000 * 32 });
+        x64_emulator.context_set("heap_records", std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>{});
+
+        x64_emulator.context_set("stack_base", uint64_t{ 0x00007fffffff0000 });
+        x64_emulator.context_set("stack_size", size_t{ 0x1000 * 32 });
+        x64_emulator.context_set("stack_top", uint64_t{ x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("stack_base") - x64_emulator.context_get<size_t>("stack_size") });        
+
+        x64_emulator.context_set("dead_area_base", uint64_t{ 0xfffffffffffff000 });
+        x64_emulator.context_set("dead_area_size", size_t{ 0x1000 });
+
+        x64_emulator.context_set("iat_base", uint64_t{ m_libcc_interpreter.convert_rva_to_va(m_libcc_interpreter.image_nt_headers()->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IAT].VirtualAddress) });
+        x64_emulator.context_set("iat_size", size_t{ m_libcc_interpreter.image_nt_headers()->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IAT].Size });
+
+        x64_emulator.context_set("external_api_stub_area_base", uint64_t{ 0xffff800000000000 });
+        x64_emulator.context_set("external_api_stub_area_size", size_t{ (x64_emulator.context_get<size_t>("iat_size") / 8 + 0xfff) / 0x1000 * 0x1000 });
+
+        x64_emulator.context_set("external_api_impl", std::map<std::string, uint64_t>{});
+        x64_emulator.context_set("external_api_impl_area_base", uint64_t{ 0xffff900000000000 });
+        x64_emulator.context_set("external_api_impl_area_size", size_t{ 0 });
+
+        x64_emulator.context_set("gs_base", uint64_t{ 0xffffa00000000000 });
+        x64_emulator.context_set("gs_size", size_t{ 0x1000 });
+
+        x64_emulator.context_set("start_address", static_cast<uint64_t>(m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_GenerateRegistrationKey));
+        x64_emulator.context_set("dead_address", x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("dead_area_base"));
+
+        // allocate heap
+        x64_emulator.mem_map(x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("heap_base"), x64_emulator.context_get<size_t>("heap_size"), UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE);
+
+        // allocate stack
+        x64_emulator.mem_map(x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("stack_top"), x64_emulator.context_get<size_t>("stack_size"), UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE);
+
+        // allocate dead area
+        x64_emulator.mem_map(x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("dead_area_base"), x64_emulator.context_get<size_t>("dead_area_size"), UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_EXEC);
+
+        // allocate and hook read access to IAT
+        {
+            auto iat_base = x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("iat_base");
+            auto iat_size = x64_emulator.context_get<size_t>("iat_size");
+            auto external_api_stub_area_base = x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("external_api_stub_area_base");
+
+            auto iat_page_base = iat_base / 0x1000 * 0x1000;
+            auto iat_page_count = (iat_base - iat_page_base + iat_size + 0xfff) / 0x1000;
+
+            x64_emulator.mem_map(iat_page_base, iat_page_count * 0x1000, UC_PROT_READ);
+            
+            x64_emulator.hook_add<UC_HOOK_MEM_READ>(
+                [this, &x64_emulator, iat_base, external_api_stub_area_base](uc_mem_type type, uint64_t address, size_t size, int64_t value) {
+                    auto rva = m_libcc_interpreter.convert_va_to_rva(address);
+                    auto import_lookup_entry = m_libcc_interpreter.import_lookup_entry_from_rva(rva);
+
+                    if (import_lookup_entry && !IMAGE_SNAP_BY_ORDINAL(import_lookup_entry->u1.Ordinal)) {
+                        auto import_by_name_entry = m_libcc_interpreter.convert_rva_to_ptr<PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME>(import_lookup_entry->u1.AddressOfData);
+                        if (strcmp(import_by_name_entry->Name, "memcpy") == 0) {
+                            uint64_t impl_address = x64_emulator.context_get<std::map<std::string, uint64_t>&>("external_api_impl")["memcpy"];
+                            x64_emulator.mem_write(address, &impl_address, sizeof(impl_address));
+                        } else if (strcmp(import_by_name_entry->Name, "memcmp") == 0) {
+                            uint64_t impl_address = x64_emulator.context_get<std::map<std::string, uint64_t>&>("external_api_impl")["memcmp"];
+                            x64_emulator.mem_write(address, &impl_address, sizeof(impl_address));
+                        } else {
+                            uint64_t stub_address = external_api_stub_area_base + (address - iat_base) / sizeof(IMAGE_THUNK_DATA);
+                            x64_emulator.mem_write(address, &stub_address, sizeof(stub_address));
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        x64_emulator.emu_stop();
+                    }
+                },
+                iat_base,
+                iat_base + iat_size - 1
+            );
+        }
+
+        // allocate and setup external api stub area
+        {
+            auto external_api_stub_area_base = x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("external_api_stub_area_base");
+            auto external_api_stub_area_size = x64_emulator.context_get<size_t>("external_api_stub_area_size");
+
+            x64_emulator.mem_map(external_api_stub_area_base, external_api_stub_area_size, UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_EXEC);
+            x64_emulator.mem_write(external_api_stub_area_base, std::vector<uint8_t>(external_api_stub_area_size, 0xc3));   // c3 -> ret
+
+            x64_emulator.hook_add<UC_HOOK_CODE>(
+                [this, &x64_emulator, external_api_stub_area_base](uint64_t address, size_t size) {
+                    auto iat_base = x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("iat_base");
+                    auto from_va = iat_base + (address - external_api_stub_area_base) * sizeof(IMAGE_THUNK_DATA);
+                    auto from_rva = m_libcc_interpreter.convert_va_to_rva(from_va);
+
+                    auto import_lookup_entry = m_libcc_interpreter.import_lookup_entry_from_rva(from_rva);
+                    if (import_lookup_entry && !IMAGE_SNAP_BY_ORDINAL(import_lookup_entry->u1.Ordinal)) {
+                        auto import_by_name_entry = m_libcc_interpreter.convert_rva_to_ptr<PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME>(import_lookup_entry->u1.AddressOfData);
+                        if (strcmp(import_by_name_entry->Name, "malloc") == 0) {
+                            m_va_iat_entry_malloc = from_va;
+
+                            uint64_t alloc_size;
+                            x64_emulator.reg_read(UC_X86_REG_RCX, &alloc_size);
+
+                            auto& heap_records = x64_emulator.context_get<std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>&>("heap_records");
+
+                            auto predecessor_chunk =
+                                std::adjacent_find(
+                                    heap_records.begin(), 
+                                    heap_records.end(),
+                                    [alloc_size](const auto& chunk0, const auto& chunk1) { return chunk1.first - (chunk0.first + chunk0.second) >= alloc_size; }
+                                );
+
+                            uint64_t alloc_p;
+                            if (predecessor_chunk != heap_records.end()) {
+                                alloc_p = predecessor_chunk->first + predecessor_chunk->second;
+                            } else {
+                                auto heap_base = x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("heap_base");
+                                auto heap_size = x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("heap_size");
+
+                                auto free_space_base = heap_records.size() > 0 ? heap_records.rbegin()->first + heap_records.rbegin()->second : heap_base;
+                                auto free_space_size = heap_base + heap_size - free_space_base;
+
+                                if (free_space_size < alloc_size) {
+                                    auto heap_expand_base = heap_base + heap_size;
+                                    auto heap_expand_size = (alloc_size - free_space_size + 0xfff) / 0x1000 * 0x1000;
+                                    x64_emulator.mem_map(heap_expand_base, heap_expand_size, UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE);
+                                }
+
+                                alloc_p = free_space_base;
+                            }
+
+                            heap_records[alloc_p] = alloc_size;
+
+                            x64_emulator.reg_write(UC_X86_REG_RAX, &alloc_p);
+                        } else if (strcmp(import_by_name_entry->Name, "free") == 0) {
+                            uint64_t alloc_p;
+                            x64_emulator.reg_read(UC_X86_REG_RCX, &alloc_p);
+
+                            auto& heap_records = x64_emulator.context_get<std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>&>("heap_records");
+
+                            auto chunk = heap_records.find(alloc_p);
+                            if (chunk != heap_records.end()) {
+                                heap_records.erase(chunk);
+                            } else {
+                                x64_emulator.emu_stop();
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            x64_emulator.emu_stop();
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        x64_emulator.emu_stop();
+                    }
+                },
+                external_api_stub_area_base,
+                external_api_stub_area_base + external_api_stub_area_size - 1
+            );
+        }
+
+        // allocate and setup external api impl area
+        {
+            keystone_assembler x64_assembler{ KS_ARCH_X86, KS_MODE_64 };
+
+            std::map<std::string, std::vector<uint8_t>> machine_code_list =
+                {
+                    std::make_pair(
+                        "memcpy", 
+                        x64_assembler.assemble(
+                            "push rdi;"
+                            "push rsi;"
+                            "mov rdi, rcx;"
+                            "mov rsi, rdx;"
+                            "mov rcx, r8;"
+                            "rep movs byte ptr [rdi], byte ptr [rsi];"
+                            "pop rsi;"
+                            "pop rdi;"
+                            "ret;"
+                        )
+                    ),
+                    std::make_pair(
+                        "memcmp",
+                        x64_assembler.assemble(
+                            "    push rdi;"
+                            "    push rsi;"
+                            "    mov rsi, rcx;"
+                            "    mov rdi, rdx;"
+                            "    mov rcx, r8;"
+                            "    cmp rcx, rcx;"
+                            "    repe cmps byte ptr [rsi], byte ptr [rdi];"
+                            "    jz cmp_eq;"
+                            "cmp_not_eq:"
+                            "    movsx eax, byte ptr [rsi - 1];"
+                            "    movsx ecx, byte ptr [rdi - 1];"
+                            "    sub eax, ecx;"
+                            "    jmp final;"
+                            "cmp_eq:"
+                            "    xor eax, eax;"
+                            "final:"
+                            "    pop rsi;"
+                            "    pop rdi;"
+                            "    ret;"
+                        )
+                    ),
+                    std::make_pair(
+                        "memmove",
+                        x64_assembler.assemble(
+                            "    push rdi;"
+                            "    push rsi;"
+                            "    cmp rdx, rcx;"
+                            "    jb reverse_copy;"
+                            "copy:"
+                            "    mov rdi, rcx;"
+                            "    mov rsi, rdx;"
+                            "    mov rcx, r8;"
+                            "    rep movsb byte ptr[rdi], byte ptr[rsi];"
+                            "    jmp final;"
+                            "reverse_copy:"
+                            "    std;"
+                            "    lea rdi, qword ptr[rcx + r8 - 1];"
+                            "    lea rsi, qword ptr[rdx + r8 - 1];"
+                            "    mov rcx, r8;"
+                            "    rep movsb byte ptr[rdi], byte ptr[rsi];"
+                            "    cld;"
+                            "final:"
+                            "    pop rsi;"
+                            "    pop rdi;"
+                            "    ret;"
+                        )
+                    )
+                };
+
+            auto& external_api_impl = x64_emulator.context_get<std::map<std::string, uint64_t>&>("external_api_impl");
+            auto& external_api_impl_area_base = x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t&>("external_api_impl_area_base");
+            auto& external_api_impl_area_size = x64_emulator.context_get<size_t&>("external_api_impl_area_size");
+
+            auto p = external_api_impl_area_base;
+            for (const auto& name_code_pair : machine_code_list) {
+                external_api_impl[name_code_pair.first] = p;
+                p = (p + name_code_pair.second.size() + 0xf) / 0x10 * 0x10;
+            }
+
+            external_api_impl_area_size = (p + 0xfff) / 0x1000 * 0x1000 - external_api_impl_area_base;
+
+            x64_emulator.mem_map(external_api_impl_area_base, external_api_impl_area_size, UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_EXEC);
+            for (const auto& name_code_pair : machine_code_list) {
+                x64_emulator.mem_write(external_api_impl[name_code_pair.first], name_code_pair.second);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // allocate and hook access to gs area
+        x64_emulator.mem_map(x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("gs_base"), x64_emulator.context_get<size_t>("gs_size"), UC_PROT_READ | UC_PROT_WRITE);
+        x64_emulator.msr_write(0xC0000101, x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("gs_base"));  // set gs base address
+
+        x64_emulator.hook_add<UC_HOOK_MEM_READ>(
+            [this, &x64_emulator](uc_mem_type access, uint64_t address, size_t size, int64_t value) {
+                auto gs_base = x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("gs_base");
+                switch (address - gs_base) {
+                    case 0x10:  // qword ptr gs:[0x10] -> Stack Limit / Ceiling of stack (low address)
+                        {    
+                            uint64_t val = x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("stack_top");
+                            x64_emulator.mem_write(address, &val, size);  
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        x64_emulator.emu_stop();
+                        break;
+                }
+            },
+            x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("gs_base"),
+            x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("gs_base") + x64_emulator.context_get<size_t>("gs_size") - 1
+        );
+
+        // x64_emulator.hook_add<UC_HOOK_CODE>([](uint64_t address, size_t size) { wprintf_s(L"code_trace, address = 0x%016zx\n", address); });
+
+        x64_emulator.hook_add<UC_HOOK_MEM_UNMAPPED>(
+            [this, &x64_emulator](uc_mem_type access, uint64_t address, size_t size, int64_t value) -> bool {
+                try {
+                    auto fault_section = m_libcc_interpreter.image_section_header_from_va(address);
+
+                    auto page_base = address / 0x1000 * 0x1000;
+                    auto page_size = 0x1000;
+                    uint32_t page_perms = UC_PROT_NONE;
+
+                    if (fault_section->Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ) {
+                        page_perms |= UC_PROT_READ;
+                    }
+                    if (fault_section->Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE) {
+                        page_perms |= UC_PROT_WRITE;
+                    }
+                    if (fault_section->Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE) {
+                        page_perms |= UC_PROT_EXEC;
+                    }
+
+                    x64_emulator.mem_map(page_base, page_size, page_perms);
+                    x64_emulator.mem_write(page_base, m_libcc_interpreter.convert_va_to_ptr<const void*>(page_base), page_size);
+
+                    return true;
+                } catch (::nkg::exception&) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        );
+        
+        // set rbp, rsp
+        uint64_t init_rbp = x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("stack_base") - x64_emulator.context_get<size_t>("stack_size") / 4;
+        uint64_t init_rsp = x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("stack_base") - x64_emulator.context_get<size_t>("stack_size") / 2;
+
+        x64_emulator.reg_write(UC_X86_REG_RBP, &init_rbp);
+        x64_emulator.reg_write(UC_X86_REG_RSP, &init_rsp);
+
+        // set return address
+        auto retaddr = x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("dead_address");
+        x64_emulator.mem_write(init_rsp, &retaddr, sizeof(retaddr));
+
+        // set argument registers
+        uint64_t init_rcx = 0;                  // `this` pointer of CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN, but we don't need it for now.
+        uint64_t init_rdx = init_rsp + 0x40;    // a pointer to stack memory which stores return value
+        x64_emulator.reg_write(UC_X86_REG_RCX, &init_rcx);
+        x64_emulator.reg_write(UC_X86_REG_RDX, &init_rdx);
+
+        // 
+        // start emulate
+        // 
+        try {
+            x64_emulator.emu_start(x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("start_address"), x64_emulator.context_get<uint64_t>("dead_address"));
+        } catch (nkg::exception&) {
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: Code emulation failed.\n");
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: This patch solution will be suppressed.\n");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        wprintf_s(L"[*] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: m_va_iat_entry_malloc = 0x%016llx\n", m_va_iat_entry_malloc);
+
+        //
+        // get result
+        // 
+        // on AMD64 platform, `std::string` has follow memory layout:
+        //     ------------------------------
+        //     | offset | size |
+        //     ------------------------------
+        //     | +0     | 0x10 | `char[16]: a small string buffer` OR `char*: a large string buffer pointer`
+        //     ------------------------------
+        //     | +0x10  | 0x8  | size_t: string length
+        //     ------------------------------
+        //     | +0x18  | 0x8  | size_t: capacity
+        //     ------------------------------
+        //
+        uint64_t encoded_key_length;
+        x64_emulator.mem_read(init_rdx + 0x10, &encoded_key_length, sizeof(encoded_key_length));
+        if (encoded_key_length != official_encoded_key.length()) {
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: unexpected encoded key length(%llu).\n", encoded_key_length);
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: This patch solution will be suppressed.\n");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t encoded_key_ptr;
+        x64_emulator.mem_read(init_rdx, &encoded_key_ptr, sizeof(encoded_key_ptr));
+
+        auto encoded_key = x64_emulator.mem_read(encoded_key_ptr, encoded_key_length);
+        if (memcmp(encoded_key.data(), official_encoded_key.data(), encoded_key.size()) == 0) {
+            wprintf_s(L"[+] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: official encoded key is found.\n");
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: official encoded key is not found.\n");
+            wprintf_s(L"[-] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: This patch solution will be suppressed.\n");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>::check_rsa_privkey(const rsa_cipher& cipher) {
+        return true;    // no requirements
+    }
+
+    void patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>::make_patch(const rsa_cipher& cipher) {
+        auto encoded_key = _build_encoded_key(cipher);
+
+        auto CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_GenerateRegistrationKey = 
+            m_libcc_interpreter.convert_va_to_ptr<uint8_t*>(m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_GenerateRegistrationKey);
+
+        std::vector<std::string> patch_code_chunks;
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("push rdi;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("push rsi;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("push rbx;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("push rbp;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("mov rbp, rsp;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("mov rbx, rdx;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("sub rsp, 0x20;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back(fmt::format("mov rcx, {:#x};", encoded_key.length() + 1));
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back(fmt::format("call qword ptr [{:#016x}];", m_va_iat_entry_malloc));
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("add rsp, 0x20;");
+        {
+            std::vector<uint64_t> push_values((encoded_key.length() + 1 + 7) / 8, 0);
+            memcpy(push_values.data(), encoded_key.data(), encoded_key.length());
+
+            std::for_each(
+                push_values.crbegin(), 
+                push_values.crend(), 
+                [&patch_code_chunks](uint64_t x) {
+                    patch_code_chunks.emplace_back(fmt::format("mov rdx, {:#016x};", x));
+                    patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("push rdx;");
+                }
+            );
+        }
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("mov rdi, rax;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("mov rsi, rsp;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back(fmt::format("mov rcx, {:#x};", encoded_key.length() + 1));
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("rep movs byte ptr [rdi], byte ptr [rsi];");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("mov qword ptr [rbx], rax;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back(fmt::format("mov qword ptr [rbx + 0x10], {:#x};", encoded_key.length()));
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back(fmt::format("mov qword ptr [rbx + 0x18], {:#x};", encoded_key.length() + 1));
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("mov rax, rbx;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("leave;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("pop rbx;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("pop rsi;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("pop rdi;");
+        patch_code_chunks.emplace_back("ret;");
+
+        //auto patch_code = keystone_assembler{ KS_ARCH_X86, KS_MODE_64 }
+        //    .assemble(
+        //        fmt::format(
+        //            "    push rdi;"
+        //            "    push rsi;"
+        //            "    push rbx;"
+        //            "    mov rbx, rdx;"
+        //            "allocate_string_buf:"
+        //            "    mov rcx, {encoded_key_length:#x} + 1;"
+        //            "    sub rsp, 0x20;"
+        //            "    call qword ptr [{m_va_iat_entry_malloc:#x}];"
+        //            "    add rsp, 0x20;"
+        //            "write_our_own_key_to_string_buf:"
+        //            "    mov rdi, rax;"
+        //            "    lea rsi, qword ptr [end_of_code + rip];"
+        //            "    mov rcx, 0x188;"
+        //            "    rep movs byte ptr [rdi], byte ptr [rsi];"
+        //            "    mov byte ptr [rdi], 0;"
+        //            "craft_std_string:"
+        //            "    mov qword ptr [rbx], rax;"
+        //            "    mov qword ptr [rbx + 0x10], {encoded_key_length:#x};"
+        //            "    mov qword ptr [rbx + 0x18], {encoded_key_length:#x} + 1;"
+        //            "final:"
+        //            "    mov rax, rbx;"
+        //            "    pop rbx;"
+        //            "    pop rsi;"
+        //            "    pop rdi;"
+        //            "    ret;"
+        //            "end_of_code:",
+        //            fmt::arg("encoded_key_length", encoded_key.length()),
+        //            fmt::arg("m_va_iat_entry_malloc", m_va_iat_entry_malloc)
+        //        ),
+        //        m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_GenerateRegistrationKey
+        //    );
+
+        std::vector<uint8_t> assembled_patch_code;
+        {
+            keystone_assembler x86_assembler{ KS_ARCH_X86, KS_MODE_64 };
+
+            auto current_va = m_va_CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_GenerateRegistrationKey;
+            auto next_reloc = m_libcc_interpreter.relocation_distribute().lower_bound(m_libcc_interpreter.convert_va_to_rva(current_va));
+            for (const auto& patch_code_chunk : patch_code_chunks) {
+                auto assembled_patch_code_chunk = x86_assembler.assemble(patch_code_chunk, current_va);
+
+                while (true) {
+                    auto next_reloc_va = m_libcc_interpreter.convert_rva_to_va(next_reloc->first);
+                    auto next_reloc_size = next_reloc->second;
+
+                    if (current_va + assembled_patch_code_chunk.size() + 2 <= next_reloc_va) {     // 2 -> size of machine code "jmp rel8"
+                        assembled_patch_code.insert(assembled_patch_code.end(), assembled_patch_code_chunk.begin(), assembled_patch_code_chunk.end());
+                        current_va += assembled_patch_code_chunk.size();
+                        break;
+                    } else if (current_va + 2 <= next_reloc_va) {
+                        auto next_va = next_reloc_va + next_reloc_size;
+                        auto assembled_jmp = x86_assembler.assemble(fmt::format("jmp {:#016x};", next_va), current_va);
+                        auto assembled_padding = std::vector<uint8_t>(next_va - (current_va + assembled_jmp.size()), 0xcc);     // 0xcc -> int3
+                        assembled_patch_code.insert(assembled_patch_code.end(), assembled_jmp.begin(), assembled_jmp.end());
+                        assembled_patch_code.insert(assembled_patch_code.end(), assembled_padding.begin(), assembled_padding.end());
+                        current_va = next_va;
+                        ++next_reloc;
+                    } else {
+                        __assume(false);    // impossible to reach here
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        memcpy(CSRegistrationInfoFetcher_WIN_GenerateRegistrationKey, assembled_patch_code.data(), assembled_patch_code.size());
+        wprintf_s(L"[*] patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>: Patch has been done.\n");
+    }
+
+}
--- a/navicat-patcher/patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.generic.cpp
+++ b/navicat-patcher/patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.generic.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include "patch_solution_since_16.0.7.0.hpp"
+#include <regex>
+
+namespace nkg {
+
+    std::string patch_solution_since<16, 0, 7, 0>::_build_encoded_key(const rsa_cipher& cipher) {
+        auto encoded_key = cipher.export_public_key_string_pem();
+
+        encoded_key = std::regex_replace(encoded_key, std::regex("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"), "");
+        encoded_key = std::regex_replace(encoded_key, std::regex("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"), "");
+        encoded_key = std::regex_replace(encoded_key, std::regex("\n"), "");
+
+        return encoded_key;
+    }
+
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More